Comparing the efficacy of adipose‐derived and bone marrow‐derived cells in a rat model of posterolateral lumbar fusion

Abstract

Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMCs) have been widely used in spinal fusion procedures, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) offer a number of advantages as an alternative clinical cell source. This study directly compares the efficacy of ASCs and BMCs from the same donor animals to achieve successful fusion when combined with a clinical-grade bone graft substitute in a rat lumbar fusion model. ASCs and BMCs were isolated from the same Lewis donor rats and grown to passage 2 (P2).Single-level bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar fusion surgery was performed on syngeneic rats divided into three experimental groups: clinical-grade bone graft substitute alone (CBGS); CBGS+ rat ASCs (rASC); and, CBGS+ rat BMCs (rBMC).Eight weeks postoperatively, fusion was evaluated via micro-CT, manual palpation and histology. In vitro analysis of the osteogenic capacity of rBMCs and rASCs was also performed. Results indicated that the average fusion volume in the rASC group was the largest and was significantly larger than the CBGS group. Although the rASC group displayed the highest fusion rates via micro-CT and manual palpation, this difference was not statistically significant. Cell-seeded grafts showed more histological bone formation than cell-free grafts. P2 rASCs and rBMCs displayed similar in vitro osteogenic differentiation capacities. Overall, this study showed that, when combined with a clinical-grade bone graft substitute in a rat model, rASCs cells yielded the largest fusion masses and comparable fusion results to rBMCs. These results add to growing evidence that ASCs provide an attractive alternative to BMCs for spinal fusion procedures.adipose stem cell, animal model, bone marrow cell, mesenchymal stem cell, spine fusion | INTRODUCTIONSpinal fusion is an increasingly common procedure used to treat a variety of conditions arising from trauma, degenerative diseases, deformity, infection, and tumors. While generally successful, the current "gold standard" of care, which involves the use of autograft bone, still fails in up to 35% of cases, resulting in significant patient morbidity, the need for additional procedures, and increased health care costs. 1 A wide variety of clinical bone graft substitutes, extension systems and orthobiologics have thus been developed to

Development of gelatin-methacryloyl composite carriers for bone morphogenetic Protein-2 delivery: A potential strategy for spinal fusion

“…In animal experiments, this study used palpation, which is a simple, convenient, and highly accurate method for evaluating bone fusion. 39,40 Measurement of intervertebral height is usually used as an indirect evaluation of fusion stability, which is prone to measurement errors and requires multiple measurements. This result shows that the bone fusion effect of the GelMA-BMP2-BMSC group is significant, and the intervertebral bone fusion in rabbits is more pronounced at 6 weeks than at 3 weeks after surgery.…”

Exosomes Derived From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Brain Injury by Activating the SIRT1 Pathway

“…Adipose tissue provides an attractive alternative source of MSCs due to larger available tissue volumes, higher concentrations of stem cells, and reduced donor site morbidity. Moreover, studies have showed that ADMSCs are less influenced by aging and skeletal conditions than BMSCs ( Holmes et al, 2021 ). Therefore, in this study, we chose ADMSCs as the source of exosomes.…”

Towards tissue engineering application for cleft defects

“…Musina [55] 2006; Mohamed-Ahmed [56] 2021, Brennan [57] 2017), others state that adipose-derived MSCs may have higher osteogenic potential (Huang [58] 2022; Holmes [59] 2022) and some found similar osteogenic activities (Humenik [60] 2022). In this regard, it should be kept in mind that variations in the distinctive features of both cell sources may depend on the source and method of isolation and epigenetic changes during maintenance and growth (Brown [61] 2019).…”