Comparing the Effects of Low-Protein and High-Carbohydrate Diets and Caloric Restriction on Brain Aging in Mice

Wahl, Devin; Solon-Biet, Samantha M.; Wang, Qiao‐Ping; Wali, Jibran A; Pulpitel, Tamara; Clark, Ximonie; Raubenheimer, David; Senior, Alistair M.; Sinclair, David A.; Cooney, Gregory J.; Cabo, Rafael de; Cogger, Victoria C.; Simpson, Stephen J.; Couteur, David G. Le

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.070

Cited by 107 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The protein leverage hypothesis postulates that dietary protein restriction elicits a compensatory increase in calorie intake (hyperphagia) to achieve protein requirements . The authors and others reported that mild protein restriction increases caloric intake in rodents and in some, but not in all human studies . Most studies assessing the effects of protein restriction on energy balance formulated isocaloric diets by substituting protein with carbohydrate, while keeping fat concentration constant;; whether the hyperphagic and metabolic responses to protein restriction are due to a reciprocal increase in carbohydrate content is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Protein Diets with Fixed Carbohydrate Content Promote Hyperphagia and Sympathetically Mediated Increase in Energy Expenditure

Zapata

Singh

Pezeshki

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Dietary protein restriction elicits hyperphagia and increases energy expenditure; however, less is known of whether these responses are a consequence of increasing carbohydrate content. The effects of protein-diluted diets with fixed carbohydrate content on energy balance, hormones, and key markers of protein sensing and thermogenesis in tissues are determined. Methods and results: Obesity-prone rats (n = 13-16 per group) are randomized to diets containing fixed carbohydrate (52% calories) and varying protein concentrations: 15% (control), 10% (mild protein restriction), 5% (moderate protein restriction) or 1% (severe protein restriction) protein calories, or protein-matched to 5% protein, for 21 days. Propranolol and ondansetron are administered to interrogate the roles of sympathetic and serotonergic systems, respectively, in diet-induced changes in energy expenditure. It is found that mild-to-moderate protein restriction promotes transient hyperphagia, whereas severe protein restriction induces hypophagia, with alterations in meal patterns. Protein restriction enhances energy expenditure that is partly attenuated by propranolol, but not ondansetron. Moderate to severe protein restriction decreases gains in body weight, lean and fat mass, decreased postprandial glucose and leptin, but increased fibroblast growth factor-21 concentrations. Protein-matching retains lean mass suggesting that intake of dietary protein, but not calories, is important for preserving lean mass. Notably, protein restriction increases the protein and/or transcript abundance of key amino acid sensing molecules in liver and intestine (PERK, eIF2α, ATF2, CHOP, 4EBP1, FGF21), and upregulated thermogenic markers (β2AR, Klotho, HADH, UCP-1) in brown adipose tissue. Conclusion: Low-protein diets promote hyperphagia and sympathetically mediated increase in energy expenditure, prevent gains in tissue reserves, and concurrently upregulate hepatic and intestinal amino acid sensing intermediaries and thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Protein Diets with Fixed Carbohydrate Content Promote Hyperphagia and Sympathetically Mediated Increase in Energy Expenditure

Zapata

Singh

Pezeshki

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…The human transmissibility and the long latency period of the Wuhan strains may drive the spread of the virus to other regions of world, underscoring the urgency for preventive measures. As the percentage of essential amino acids in the small orf of COVID-19 reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served to the potentially exposed human subpopulation for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids such as isoleucine and lysine and reduces the viral load, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of COVID-19 (Gan et al, 2018;Wan et al, 2019;He et al, 2018;Wahl et al, 2018). Peptides consisting of essential amino acids are often stressful (Tang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of COVID-19 Virus

Wan¹,

Yan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The current pneumonia epidemic in China could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The COVID-19 possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in COVID-19. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of COVID-19 reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Furthermore, several proteins of COVID-19 possess high valine plus glycine content which is implicated in heart disease, justifying the aforementioned approaches.

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“…The human transmissibility and the long latency period of the Wuhan strains may drive the spread of the virus to other regions of world, underscoring the urgency for preventive measures. As the percentage of essential amino acids in the small orf of 2019-nCoV reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served to the potentially exposed human subpopulation for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids such as isoleucine and lysine and reduces the viral load, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of 2019-nCoV (Gan et al, 2018;Wan et al, 2019;He et al, 2018;Wahl et al, 2018). Peptides consisting of essential amino acids are often stressful (Tang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of 2019-nCoV Virus

Y¹,

Yan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current pneumonia epidemic in China could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The 2019-nCoV possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in 2019-nCoV. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of 2019-nCoV reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. Furthermore, several proteins of 2019-nCoV possess high valine plus glycine content, which is implicated in heart disease.

show abstract

Comparing the Effects of Low-Protein and High-Carbohydrate Diets and Caloric Restriction on Brain Aging in Mice

Cited by 107 publications

References 51 publications

Low‐Protein Diets with Fixed Carbohydrate Content Promote Hyperphagia and Sympathetically Mediated Increase in Energy Expenditure

Low‐Protein Diets with Fixed Carbohydrate Content Promote Hyperphagia and Sympathetically Mediated Increase in Energy Expenditure

The Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of COVID-19 Virus

The Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of 2019-nCoV Virus

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