Comparing the effects of implicit and explicit temporal expectation on choice response time and response conflict

Menceloğlu, Melisa; Grabowecky, Marcia; Suzuki, Satoru

doi:10.3758/s13414-016-1230-4

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Another factor that may impact the effect of temporal expectation on memory is awareness of the imposed timing manipulation. That awareness may be important, is suggested by studies in the perception literature that indicate that the benefits of expectation on perception are larger when instructions include specific information about the timing manipulation (Menceloglu et al, 2017 ). In three experiments reported here, just one participant (from Experiment 1) reported having noticed a difference between encoding blocks on the PEQ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temporal Regularity May Not Improve Memory for Item-Specific Detail

Kulkarni

Hannula

2021

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regularities in event timing allow for the allocation of attention to critical time-points when an event is most likely to occur, leading to improved visual perception. Results from recent studies indicate that similar benefits may extend to memory for scenes and objects. Here, we investigated whether benefits of temporal regularity are evident when detailed, item-specific representations are necessary for successful recognition memory performance. In Experiments 1 and 2, pictures of objects were presented with either predictable or randomized event timing, in separate encoding blocks. In the test phase, old and new objects were presented, intermixed with perceptually similar exemplars of encoded objects. In Experiment 3 we attempted to replicate previously reported memory enhancements for scenes. In contrast to predictions, temporal regularity did not affect response times (RT) or improve recognition memory accuracy in any of our experiments. These results suggest that any effects of temporal expectation on memory are subtle and may be sensitive to minor changes in task parameters. In sum, indirect upregulation of attention through imposed temporal structure may not be sufficient to have downstream effects on memory performance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temporal Regularity May Not Improve Memory for Item-Specific Detail

Kulkarni

Hannula

2021

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, accuracy and RT effects only emerged in Experiment 2, in which accuracy was higher and RT was faster in the predictable than the unpredictable conditions. Some studies have reported effects of temporal expectation on accuracy and RT 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 but others have failed to find such effects 3 , 16 , 17 . Some task demands and/or stimulus parameters may be responsible for these differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor inhibition precedes temporally expected auditory targets

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eye movements are inhibited prior to the onset of temporally-predictable visual targets. This oculomotor inhibition effect could be considered a marker for the formation of temporal expectations and the allocation of temporal attention in the visual domain. Here we show that eye movements are also inhibited before predictable auditory targets. In two experiments, we manipulate the period between a cue and an auditory target to be either predictable or unpredictable. The findings show that although there is no perceptual gain from avoiding gaze-shifts in this procedure, saccades and blinks are inhibited prior to predictable relative to unpredictable auditory targets. These findings show that oculomotor inhibition occurs prior to auditory targets. This link between auditory expectation and oculomotor behavior reveals a multimodal perception action coupling, which has a central role in temporal expectations.

show abstract

“…First, TEs might be generated automatically by encapsulated bottom-up mechanismsin these cases, explicit knowledge might not affect the strength of TE (Ball et al, 2018a(Ball et al, , 2018bShen & Alain, 2012;Visser, Tang, Badcock, & Enns, 2014). Second, knowledge about likely time points of target occurrence might enhance perception and preparation for events at these time points, thereby increasing the size of the TE effect (Coull & Nobre, 1998;Menceloglu, Grabowecky, & Suzuki, 2017). Finally, participants might apply their knowledge in a truly optimal fashion and attend every relevant temporal position successively (for a discussion of optimal temporal strategies, see Ball, Michels, et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicitly versus implicitly driven temporal expectations: No evidence for altered perceptual processing due to top-down modulations

Ball

Groth

Agostino

et al. 2019

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Learning the statistical regularities of environmental events is a powerful tool for enhancing performance. However, it remains unclear whether this often implicit type of behavioral facilitation can be proactively modulated by explicit knowledge about temporal regularities. Only recently, Menceloglu and colleagues (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 79(1), 169-179, 2017) tested for differences between implicit versus explicit statistical learning of temporal regularities by using a within-paradigm manipulation of metacognitive temporal knowledge. The authors reported that temporal expectations were enhanced if participants had explicit knowledge about temporal regularities. Here, we attempted to replicate and extend their results, and to provide a mechanistic framework for any effects by means of computational modelling. Participants performed a letter-discrimination task, with target letters embedded in congruent or incongruent flankers. Temporal predictability was manipulated block-wise, with targets occurring more often after either a short or a long delay period. During the delay a sound was presented in half of the trials. Explicit knowledge about temporal regularities was manipulated by changing instructions: Participants received no information (implicit), information about the most likely cue-target delay (explicit), or received 100% valid cues on each trial (highly explicit). We replicated previous effects of target-flanker congruence and sound presence. However, no evidence was found for an effect of explicit knowledge on temporal expectations using Bayesian statistics. Concordantly, computational modelling suggested that explicit knowledge may only influence non-perceptual processing such as response criteria. Together, our results indicate that explicit metacognitive knowledge does not necessarily alter sensory representations or temporal expectations but rather affects response strategies.

show abstract

Comparing the effects of implicit and explicit temporal expectation on choice response time and response conflict

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Temporal Regularity May Not Improve Memory for Item-Specific Detail

Temporal Regularity May Not Improve Memory for Item-Specific Detail

Oculomotor inhibition precedes temporally expected auditory targets

Explicitly versus implicitly driven temporal expectations: No evidence for altered perceptual processing due to top-down modulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About