Comparing the effects of different dietary organic acids on the growth, intestinal short-chain fatty acids, and liver histopathology of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and potential use of these as preservatives

Abstract

Dietary organic acids are increasingly being investigated as a potential means of improving growth and nutrient utilization in aquatic animals. A 9-week study was performed to compare equal amounts (2%) of different organic acids (sodium butyrate, acetate, propionate, or formate) on the growth, muscle proximate composition, fatty acid composition, cholesterol and lipid peroxidation, differential cell counts, plasma biochemistry, intestinal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level, and liver histopathology to red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) (initial mean weight of 2.87 g). A second experiment was performed to determine their effects on lipid peroxidation and trimethylamine (TMA) when added at 1% to tilapia meat and left out for 24 h. The results of the first experiment showed no treatment effect to growth, feeding efficiencies, or muscle fatty acid composition, but all dietary organic acids significantly decreased intestinal SCFA. Dietary butyrate and propionate significantly decreased muscle lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, but the dietary formate treatment had the lowest lipid peroxidation compared to all treatments. Muscle crude protein and lipid in tilapia fed the formate diet were significantly lower and higher, respectively, and showed evidence of stress based on the differential cell counts, significantly higher plasma glucose and liver glycogen, as well as inflammatory responses in the liver. Although a potential benefit of dietary organic acids was a reduction to lipid peroxidation, this could be accomplished post-harvest by direct additions to the meat. In addition, inclusions of butyrate and propionate to tilapia meat significantly decreased TMA, which might be a more cost-effective option to improve the shelf life of tilapia products.

Fermenting rice bran as a carbon source for biofloc technology improved the water quality, growth, feeding efficiencies, and biochemical composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles

“…However, after performing a water exchange, the overall water quality became more stable and no abnormal liver histopathology was observed after another 3 weeks of culture. Moreover, the plasma bilirubin levels, which are indicators of liver function (Ebrahimi et al, ), were not significantly different by the end of the study. This indicated that bioflocs produced with either RRB or ResRB became better established.…”

Dietary citric acid supplementation alleviates soybean meal-induced intestinal oxidative damage and micro-ecological imbalance in juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximusL

“…Several recent studies indicated that organic acids could alleviate oxidative stress status (Abdel-Salam et al, 2014;Ebrahimi et al, 2017;Li, Cui, & Leng, 2015;Romano et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhu, Qiu, Ding, Duan, & Wang, 2014). Besides, organic acids was also reported to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota and possess antimicrobial effects against several food-borne pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacteria, Salmonella and Vibrio (Bosi et al, 1999;Canibe, Højberg, Højsgaard, & Jensen, 2005;Creus, Pérez, Peralta, Baucells, & Mateu, 2007;Partanen & Mroz, 1999;Silva, Vieira, Mouriño, Bolivar, & Seiffert, 2016;Zhou et al, 2009).…”

Progress and perspectives of short‐chain fatty acids in aquaculture

“…However, in red hybrid tilapia (Ebrahimi et al . ), 2% of sodium butyrate, acetate, propionate or formate was shown to have no effect on the growth or feeding efficiency of the fish, a decrease in muscle lipid peroxidation and intestinal SCFAs, and induction of stress and compromised health was observed.…”

“…; Ebrahimi et al . ). Results from these studies have revealed that the type of prebiotic substrates, fermentation activity and the microbial populations associated with the process strongly affect the composition of fermentation end products.…”

“…Additionally, organic acids and their salts, including sodium butyrate, acetate, propionate, formate or citrate, have been shown to decrease the gut SCFAs in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) (Romano et al 2016;Ebrahimi et al 2017). Results from these studies have revealed that the type of prebiotic substrates, fermentation activity and the microbial populations associated with the process strongly affect the composition of fermentation end products.…”