Comparing Teachers and Medical Students as Trainers of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among Secondary School Students

Outcomes of medical students training schoolchildren of ages 13–18 in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review

“…There were nine studies in which 1401 high school participants, aged 13–17 years, were trained in CPR by medical students. 18 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 The interventions were consistent; in that all schoolchildren received direct instruction from the medical students, despite some variability in the medical students’ level of experience in teaching.…”

“…Where outcomes related to schoolchildren, eight studies measured confidence (Kirkpatrick Level 1b), knowledge (Kirkpatrick Level 2b) and skills (Kirkpatrick Level 2c) gained by the students post-training. 18 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 Two studies measured outcomes for medical students as CPR instructors, with the focus on professional practice skills (Kirkpatrick Level 2c) and CPR technical skills (Kirkpatrick Level 2c). 27 , 29 One study measured outcomes for both schoolchildren and medical students, namely confidence and theoretical knowledge in CPR (Kirkpatrick Levels 1b and 2b) for schoolchildren and confidence in professional practice outcomes (Kirkpatrick Level 1b) for medical students.…”

“…Practical CPR skills were measured using quantitative data for chest compression rate and depth with training mannequins, 18 , 19 , 33 however, one study used an observation-based psychomotor checklist. 34 Most outcome measures were self-developed, with only three validated outcome measures used (once each in three different studies): the Cardiff Test, a clinical teaching framework from the Stanford Faculty Development Program and an objective structured clinical examination. 18 , 27 , 29 …”

“…Seven studies compared post-intervention (immediate or within 2-weeks) (t 1 ) theoretical knowledge (Kirkpatrick Level 2b) with pre-intervention (t 0 ), and all showed statistically significant improvement. 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 33 , 34 , 35 Only two studies explored the retention of theoretical knowledge through follow-up assessments at 6–9 months post-intervention (t 2 ). 24 , 35 The findings were contradictory – one study showed that the schoolchildren had good retention of information after 9-months, 24 but the other found that retention was poor at 6-months post-intervention.…”

The Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Video vs. Classroom Teaching Method on Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma Among House Officers in University Hospital

“…The module is also easily repeatable and can compensate for the lack of instructor and time (8,12). A previous study showed that an animated video can be an effective teaching tool (16). SIV has been used to teach senior doctors or specialists of certain specialties such as anaesthesiology and pediatric emergency medicine (8,17).…”