“…The ( ) , the neighborhood effect, was evaluated through a 3x3 moving window. It will be determined using the CA approach, with the method proposed by White &Engelen (1997, andalready applied in Mustafa, Heppenstall, et al (2018), expressed with Eq c. Mustafa, Rienow, et al, (2018), Chen et al, (2014) and Poelmans & Van Rompaey, (2009) examined several square sizes and found that the model runs with the 3x3 neighborhood moving window and produced a land-use pattern that best fits the actual pattern. Furthermore, Mustafa, Rienow, et al, (2018) used a 100 m resolution, similar to that of this research, and found that a 3x3 neighborhood moving window outperformed other window sizes (5x5, 7x7, 9x9, and 11x11).…”