Comparing steroid estrogen, and nonylphenol content across a range of European sewage plants with different treatment and management practices

Johnson, Andrew C.; Aerni, Hans‐Rudolf; Gerritsen, A.; Gibert, Morgane; Giger, Walter; Hylland, Ketil; Jürgens, Monika D.; Nakari, Tarja; Pickering, Alan D.; Suter, Marc J.‐F.; Svenson, Anders; Wettstein, Felix E.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.025

Cited by 239 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In a general linearized model, HRT emerged as a significant determinant of effluent EEQ (P <0.01). [20] Whereas Johnson et al [23] showed the effect of HRT across sites, Study II showed that HRT clearly determines effluent EEQ at a single site.…”

Section: Study Ii: Variability Of Estrogenic Activity Around a Singlementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Johnson et al [23] explored the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT, the time for the effluent to pass through the STW), sludge retention time and temperature on the removal of estrone from effluents of 17 STWs. It was found that a longer HRT is associated with an increased removal of estrone.…”

Section: Study Ii: Variability Of Estrogenic Activity Around a Singlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Estrogens in Swiss Rivers and Effluents – Sampling Matters

Eggen¹,

Escher²,

Suter³

2008

Chimia

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Estrogenic activity of treated sewage effluents and receiving waters surfaced as an issue of general concern some 15 years ago. Since then, a large number of studies investigated the distribution and nature of the estrogenic substances in various aquatic ecosystems. Within NRP50, a five-year Swiss research programme on endocrine disruptors, four field studies were performed to characterize the presence of environmental estrogens in rivers and effluents. The estrogenic activity was quantified with a biological assay − the yeast estrogen screen. An overview of the sampling approaches and results of the various studies is presented here. In a first study, using grab sampling, it appeared that estrogenic activity in river water was highly variable. Average estrogenicity values did not correlate with sewage treatment works and/or river characteristics, e.g. effluent dilution factor. However, variability was not 'random' but clearly associated with river size, and possibly its discharge. A second study specifically addressed this issue of variability of estrogenicity. The study was conducted at a single effluent source and its receiving river. Variability of estrogenicity in the grab samples was again large but again not 'random'; some of the variability was explained by the time over which the effluent resided in the treatment process. In a third study it was explored if passive sampling would be a better way to assess average estrogenicity. Indeed, passive samplers identified sources of estrogens, and passive sampling data correlated well with both repeated grab sampling and bioaccumulation data. Subsequently, passive samplers were deployed across Switzerland in a fourth study. It involved 22 effluent discharges and the associated rivers. Data analysis of the last study is still ongoing, preliminary observations are discussed here. Although a lot could be learned from repeated grab sampling campaigns, it emerged that passive sampling is a very effective and appropriate technique to assess: i) effluent treatment efficiency, and ii) the chemical load of river water. For these reasons it is a valuable monitoring tool for water quality criteria assessments as well as for studies that aim to link exposure and effect. The passive samplers that are currently available not only target estrogenic substances, but many other polar organic compounds of concern, such as antibiotics (see NRP49), other pharmaceuticals and biocides.

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Section: Study Ii: Variability Of Estrogenic Activity Around a Singlementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Ii: Variability Of Estrogenic Activity Around a Singlementioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens in Swiss Rivers and Effluents – Sampling Matters

Eggen¹,

Escher²,

Suter³

2008

Chimia

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“…Several methods for the removal of steroidal oestrogens from water have been explored. Conventional water treatment processes such as coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration are not effective for removing EE2 (Johnson et al, 2005;Kuch and Ballschmitter, 2001;Schenck et al, 2012). Thus, the development of new methods for the efficient removal of this pollutant from water bodies is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of 17α-ethynylestradiol from aqueous solutions by a hybrid PAC/UF process

Gao

et al. 2017

WSA

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“…Discharges from wastewater treatment works (WWTW) has been identified as another major source of APEs and their degradation products to aquatic environments (Fujita et al, 2000;Farre et al, 2002;Rice et al, 2003;Esperanza et al, 2004;Jensen and Jepsen, 2005;Johnson et al, 2005;Gatidou et al, 2007;Ying et al, 2008Ying et al, , 2009Diehl et al, 2012;Chokwe et al, 2015a). Reported removal efficiency of APEs in sewage treatment works varies between 9 and 94%, depending on the region and type of unit treatment process (Jensen and Jepsen, 2005;Johnson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Sources Of Apes In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, exposure pathways, sources and toxicity of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in the environment

Chokwe

Okonkwo

Sibali

2017

WSA

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Alkylphenols (APs) are ultimate breakdown products of alkylphenol polyethoxylate (APEs) that are used in cleaning and industrial processes. The most commonly used APEs in the market are the nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEs). As a result of their widespread use and their lipophilic nature, these compounds are ubiquitous in the environment and are currently of concern because of their toxicity, oestrogenic properties and widespread contamination. This review summarizes the concentrations of NPE and NP in different environmental media. The sources of NPE in the environment and toxicity are reviewed. Their distribution patterns in the environment as well as exposure pathways are discussed with a view to provide better understanding of these emerging environmental contaminants. It is envisaged that this review will heighten the importance of identifying emerging issues and data gaps, and generate a future research agenda on APEs.

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Comparing steroid estrogen, and nonylphenol content across a range of European sewage plants with different treatment and management practices

Cited by 239 publications

References 34 publications

Estrogens in Swiss Rivers and Effluents – Sampling Matters

Estrogens in Swiss Rivers and Effluents – Sampling Matters

Removal of 17α-ethynylestradiol from aqueous solutions by a hybrid PAC/UF process

Distribution, exposure pathways, sources and toxicity of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in the environment

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