Comparing square root method of measuring the cardiac output by means of aortic impedance change component to Kubicek's method

Kuang, Ming-Xing; Kuang, Shi-Jiang; Xiao, Qiujin; Kuang, Nanzhen; Zhao, Hui; Cheng, Xinjian

doi:10.1002/mp.13076

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, the simplified treatment of equation ( 11) is feasible. The term CO in equation ( 11) is equal to the product of the stroke volume (SV) and the heart rate (HR), i.e., CO=SV×HR/1000, in which 1000 results from the transformation from mL to L. SV was calculated with the square-root formula of the RICG (Kuang et al 2018), as follows:…”

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confidence: 99%

“…is the C-wave amplitude (Ω s −1 ) in the differential graph of the AO component of RICG, T s is the ejection time (s) of the LV, T a is the cardiac cycle (s), and Z 0m is the average value (Ω) of six base impedances (Z 01 , Z 02 , Z 03 , Z 04 , Z 05 , and Z 06 ) of six leads. The unit of the coefficient 0.0368 is cm (note: the use of 0.0348 in formula (18) in reference (Kuang et al 2018) is due to a typographical error), while 0.2 is a coefficient with no unit.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To solve these problems, we obtained five impedance change components of the aorta (AO), the blood vessels in the left lung (PL), the blood vessels in the right lung (PR), the LV, and the RV from six thoracic mixed-impedance changes through waveform separation, and waveform graphs of these components were collectively called reconstructed impedance cardiography (RICG) (Kuang et al 2010, Kuang et al 2011, Kuang et al 2014, He et al 2019. To address the problems related to Kubicek's formula, the square-root formula for measuring cardiac output (CO) via a differential graph of the AO component of RICG was also published (Kuang et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements of cardiac efficiency and internal work of the left ventricle via reconstructed impedance cardiography

Kuang¹,

Xiao²,

Kuang³

et al. 2021

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate methods for measuring the cardiac efficiency (CE) and internal work (IW) of the left ventricle via reconstructed impedance cardiography (RICG). Approach. On the basis of the physiological context and Bernoulli’s equation in physics, methods of measuring the CE and IW were proposed. The CE, IW, internal work index (IWI), and other data from 180 healthy adults and 144 patients with cardiovascular disease were measured. Main results. The CE of 180 healthy adults was 22.5 ± 2.2%, and the IWI was 22.3 ± 5.2 J l−1 m−2. CE decreased with age, and the CE of the younger group (23.5 ± 1.9%) was larger than that of the older group (21.5 ± 1.9%), P < 0.01. The IWI increased with age, and the IWI of the younger group (19.0 ± 3.8 J l−1 m−2) was smaller than that of the older group (24.8 ± 4.3 J l−1 m−2), P < 0.01. There were no significant difference in CE (22.4 ± 2.2% and 22.6 ± 2.2%) or in the IWI (21.9 ± 5.1 J l−1 m−2 and 22.6 ± 5.2 J l−1 m−2) between the male and female groups. The CEs and IWIs of patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure were 17.4 ± 2.4% and 41.8 ± 15.6 J l−1 m−2, 17.6 ± 3.0% and 35.1 ± 10.4 J l−1 m−2, and 15.8 ± 3.5% and 42.1 ± 15.6 J l−1 m−2, respectively. These CEs were all smaller than that (21.6 ± 2.0%) of the healthy contrast group P < 0.01, while the IWIs were all larger than that (24.6 ± 4.8 J l−1 m−2) of the healthy contrast group, P < 0.01. Significance. The CEs and IWIs measured in this study may reflect physiological changes in healthy humans and pathogenic conditions in patients with cardiovascular disease.

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Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements of cardiac efficiency and internal work of the left ventricle via reconstructed impedance cardiography

Kuang¹,

Xiao²,

Kuang³

et al. 2021

Physiol. Meas.

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Waveform analysis of differential graphs of reconstructed impedance cardiography from healthy individuals

Wang

Kuang

et al. 2019

Noninvasive Electrocardiol

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Purpose The aim is to measure and analyze the wave amplitudes and time intervals of differential graphs of reconstructed impedance cardiography (RICG). Methods 180 adults with normal cardiac function between the ages of 18–78 were included in the study. Six mingled impedance changes on chest surface were simultaneously detected for each subject. The differential graphs of five impedance change components of RICG were obtained through waveform separation and software differentiation. The amplitudes of C, X, O, b waves and time intervals of Q‐b and Q‐C were measured and statistically analyzed. Results The amplitudes of C and X waves in PL, PR, AO, and that of C, O, b waves in LV and RV, all decrease as age increases. Wave amplitudes of the female group were bigger than those of the male group (p < .01), while the Q‐C intervals of the female group were shorter than that of the male group (p < .01). Among five impedance change components, the wave amplitude of AO was larger than those of PL and PR (p < .01), and wave amplitudes of PL and PR were bigger than those of LV and RV (p < .01). Q‐C intervals of LV and RV were longer than those of AO, PL and PR (p < .01), while the Q‐b intervals of LV and RV were shorter than the Q‐C intervals of AO, PL, and PR. Conclusions The differential graphs of RICG could reflect indirectly the physiological activities and pathological changes of the heart and of the large blood vessels in thorax.

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Comparing square root method of measuring the cardiac output by means of aortic impedance change component to Kubicek's method

Abstract: The CI calculated with the square root formula had a better normal value range, was more accurate for the patients with cardiac insufficiency, and was less affected by the chest circumference than the CI calculated with Kubicek's formula.

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Measurements of cardiac efficiency and internal work of the left ventricle via reconstructed impedance cardiography

Measurements of cardiac efficiency and internal work of the left ventricle via reconstructed impedance cardiography

Waveform analysis of differential graphs of reconstructed impedance cardiography from healthy individuals

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