Comparing Serologic Response against Enteric Pathogens with Reported Diarrhea to Assess the Impact of Improved Household Drinking Water Quality

Crump, John A.; Mendoza, Carlos Enrique Guzmán; Priest, Jeffrey W.; Glass, Roger I.; Monroe, Stephan S.; Dauphin, Leslie A.; Bibb, W F; Lopez, M. Beatriz; Alvarez, Maricruz; Mintz, Eric D.; Luby, Stephen P.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.136

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…3A, arrow), and multiple low-molecular-mass bands were noted in the 22-kDa range. Using a monoclonal antibody that we developed, the 30-kDa protein was identified as the G. intestinalis ␣-1 giardin, a protein previously recognized as a significant parasite antigen (data not shown) (16,67,93). The reason for the absence of the ␣-1 giardin protein band in the GM-1 isolate lane is unknown, but treatment of the extracted proteins with a reducing agent prior to electrophoresis did yield a significant monoclonal antibody-reactive protein band at the appropriate apparent molecular weight in the GM-1 lane (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recombinant 6ϫHis-tagged G. intestinalis ␣-1 giardin, GST-linked C. parvum 27-kDa antigen (rCp27/GST), GST-linked C. parvum 17-kDa antigen (rCp17/ GST), and Schistosoma japonicum GST proteins were expressed and purified as previously described (16,50,74).…”

Section: Growth Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six VSP fragments, three from assemblage A and three from assemblage B, and the ␣-1 giardin (16,67,93) were used to detect antibodies to Giardia. In addition, the recombinant 17-and 27-kDa antigens were used to detect antibodies to Cryptosporidium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiplex Assay Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies That Recognize Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum Antigens

Priest

Moss

Visvesvara

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are common enteric parasitic diseases that have similar routes of transmission. In this work, we have identified epitopes within the Giardia variant-specific surface protein (VSP) sequences that are recognized by IgG antibodies from 13 of 14 (93%) sera from patients with stool-confirmed giardiasis. The conserved epitopes are shared among VSPs from both of the assemblages that commonly infect humans, and they are likely to be structural, as both sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment and dithiothreitol reduction decrease antibody recognition. In a multiplex bead assay (MBA), we used three VSP fragments from an assemblage A Giardia strain, three VSP fragments from assemblage B strains, and the ␣-1 giardin structural antigen to detect IgG antibodies to Giardia and used the recombinant 17-and 27-kDa antigens to simultaneously detect IgG antibodies to Cryptosporidium. The MBA differentiated between sera from Giardia and Cryptosporidium outbreaks and also identified a giardiasis outbreak that may have included cryptosporidiosis cases. Approximately 40% of cryptosporidiosis outbreak samples had high MBA responses for both the 27-and 17-kDa antigens, while <10% of nonoutbreak and giardiasis outbreak samples had high responses. At least 60% of giardiasis outbreak samples were positive for antibodies to multiple Giardia antigens, while <12% of nonoutbreak samples and samples from U.S. and British Columbia cryptosporidiosis outbreaks met our definition for Giardia seropositivity. A MBA using multiple parasite antigens may prove useful in the epidemiologic analysis of future waterborne or food-borne outbreaks of diarrheal disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiplex Assay Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies That Recognize Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum Antigens

Priest

Moss

Visvesvara

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…In other studies, seroconversion following an episode of diarrhea has been used as a more sensitive marker of infection than direct detection of a Cryptosporidium sp. in stool samples (41) and as a method to evaluate interventional tools to improve water quality (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum IgG Response to Cryptosporidium Immunodominant Antigen gp15 and Polymorphic Antigen gp40 in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in South India

Ajjampur

Sarkar

Allison

et al. 2011

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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The surface-associated glycopeptides gp40, one of the most polymorphic Cryptosporidium antigens, and gp15, one of the most immunodominant Cryptosporidium antigens, are putative vaccine candidates because they mediate infection in vitro and induce immune responses in vivo. We evaluated antibody responses to these antigens before and after the first episode of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 51 children from a birth cohort study in an area in South India where Cryptosporidium is endemic and a major cause of parasitic diarrhea. IgG levels to gp15 and to homotypic and heterotypic gp40 antigens were measured in pre-and postdiarrheal sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant IgG response to gp15 (P < 0.001) following the first episode of cryptosporidial diarrhea. Using a general additive model, we determined the estimated time of the peak IgG response to gp15 to be 9.3 weeks (confidence interval, 5.2 to 13.4) following the diarrheal episode. In a subset of 30 children infected with Cryptosporidium hominis subtype Ia, there was a significant difference in IgG responses to homotypic C. hominis Ia and to heterotypic Cryptosporidium parvum II gp40 antigens (P ‫؍‬ 0.035). However, there was also a significant correlation (P ‫؍‬ 0.001) in the responses to both antigens in individual children, suggesting that while responses are in part subtype specific, there is significant cross-reactivity to both antigens. This is the first report of the characterization of immune responses to cryptosporidiosis in Indian children and the first study to investigate human immune responses to the polymorphic gp40 antigen. However, further studies are needed to determine whether immune responses to these antigens are protective against subsequent infections.

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“…Test sera were diluted 1:50 with buffer containing PBS with 0.05% Tween 20 and were assayed in duplicate. Assays for the detection of IgG antibodies to the recombinant C. parvum 27-kDa antigen have been described previously (11,54). Antibody values of Ͼ116 arbitrary units were considered a positive result (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cloning and Characterization of the Acidic Ribosomal Protein P2 ofCryptosporidium parvum, a New 17-Kilodalton Antigen

Priest

Kwon

Bern

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Cryptosporidium infection is commonly observed among children and immunocompromised individuals in developing countries, but large-scale outbreaks of disease among adults have not been reported. In contrast, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in the United States and Canada are increasingly common among patients of all ages. Thus, it seems likely that residents of regions where Cryptosporidium is highly endemic acquire some level of immunity, while residents of the developed world do not. A new immunodominant Cryptosporidium parvum antigen in the 15-to 17-kDa size range was identified as the Cryptosporidium parvum 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 (CpP2). We developed a recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serologic population surveillance for antibodies that was 89% sensitive and 92% specific relative to the results of the large-format Western blot assay. The human IgG response is directed almost exclusively toward the highly conserved, carboxy-terminal 15 amino acids of the protein. Although IgG antibody cross-reactivity was documented with sera from patients with acute babesiosis, the development of an anti-CpP2 antibody response in our Peru study population correlated better with Cryptosporidium infection than with infection by any other parasitic protozoan. In Haiti, the prevalence of antibodies to CpP2 plateaus at 11 to 20 years of age. Because anti-CpP2 IgG antibodies were found only among residents of countries in the developing world where Cryptosporidium infection occurs early and often, we propose that this response may be a proxy for the intensity of infection and for acquired immunity.

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Comparing Serologic Response against Enteric Pathogens with Reported Diarrhea to Assess the Impact of Improved Household Drinking Water Quality

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Multiplex Assay Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies That Recognize Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum Antigens

Multiplex Assay Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies That Recognize Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum Antigens

Serum IgG Response to Cryptosporidium Immunodominant Antigen gp15 and Polymorphic Antigen gp40 in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in South India

Cloning and Characterization of the Acidic Ribosomal Protein P2 ofCryptosporidium parvum, a New 17-Kilodalton Antigen

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