Comparing retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings with healthy controls: Are retinal findings potential endophenotype candidates?

Kaya, Hatice; Ayık, Batuhan; Taşdelen, Rümeysa; Sevimli, Neslihan; Ertekin, Erhan

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103089

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Reviewing the previous literature, we can nd that most of the studies on the relationship between retinal nerve ber layer thickness and mental disorders are observational studies, and exploring the causal relationship between the two is novel in this study. In this study, we found that there is a relationship between RNFL thickness and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, which has been observed in previous observational studies [29][30] , and this study further indicates that this relationship is a positive causal relationship, whereas RNFL thickness is not related to depressive disorder. There is no reverse causal effects of psychiatric disorders on RNFL in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

Qin,

Cao,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as a new visual indicator that may help diagnose mental disorders, is gaining attention from researchers. However, the causal relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and mental disorders is still to be effectively proved. Methods: A bidirectional Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was utilized to analyse aggregated data from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we selected genetic loci for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in independent retinal abnormalities and three prevalent psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder) as instrumental variables. The Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was mainly performed by inverse variance weighting and weighted median method. The Cochran Q test and leave-one-out sensitivity were used to ensure the robustness of the results. The Mendelian random polymorphism residuals and outliers were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphism outliers, and MR-Egger intercept test was used to test single nucleotide polymorphism horizontal pleiotropy. Results: IVW showed that retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was positively associated with schizophrenia (OR=1.057, 95%CI: 1.000-1.117, P<0.05), in the study of bipolar disorder, MR analysis also suggested a positive causal relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and bipolar disorder (OR=1.025, 95%CI: 1.005-1.046, P<0.05), which indicated possible causal relationships between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and these two diseases. Depression (OR=1.000143, 95%CI: 0.9992631-1.001024, P=0.74) indicated no significant causal association. No reverse causal effects of psychiatric disorders on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were found. Conclusions: A statistically significant causal relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has been supported by genetic means, indicating that retinal nerve fiber layer thickness can be used as a potentially effective indicator for the prediction and diagnosis of these two diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

Qin,

Cao,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The demonstration of thinning of the RNFLs and GCLs in early OCT studies prompted researchers to pursue new research to find a new biomarker in schizophrenia (24,25). In addition to various studies showing thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve layers, (13) there is a considerable number of studies that did not detect significant atrophy in RNFLs in patients with schizophrenia (16,26,27). Studies suggest that longer duration of the illness (28), comorbid medical conditions such as hypertension or diabetes (27), and the presence of recent illness episodes (29) affect the thinning of RNFL and GCL or macular thicknesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an easy-to-apply, non-invasive retinal imaging method that has come to the forefront and gives information about retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses, macular volume, and macular thickness, which provides an idea about many neurodegenerative processes so far (9)(10)(11)(12). Although thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layers (pRNFL) has been shown in several OCT examinations performed in patients with schizophrenia to date (13,14), studies examining the relationship of retinal changes with clinical symptoms or cognitive functions are limited and revealed inconsistent results (15)(16)(17). With this study, firstly, we aim to compare the RNFL and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness between patients and healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological and Clinical Correlations of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients with Schizophrenia

SAKALLI KANİ,

ŞAHİN ÇAM,

BİBEROĞLU ÇELİK

et al. 2023

Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences

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Objective: There are increasing studies examining retinal fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thinning in patients with schizophrenia. However, the results are controversial, and clinical and cognitive reflections of these findings remain unclear. With this study, we aim to examine retinal abnormalities and establish correlations with cognitive and clinical parameters. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 29 patients with schizophrenia and 13 age and gender-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent psychometric assessment, neuropsychological tests, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. The retinal fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness were used as retinal parameters. Results: Five patients dropped out during the OCT measurement process, 24 patients with schizophrenia and nine healthy controls were included in the analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in measuring retinal nerve fiber layer or ganglion cell layer thicknesses. The verbal fluency test score negatively correlated with left RNFL superior ( ρ – .422, p

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Section: Oct Findings In First-degree Relatives (Fdrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies (Kurtulmus et al 2020;Kaya et al 2022) investigated retinal parameters in FDRs of patients with SCZ and found no difference in RNFL compared to controls. One of the studies (Kurtulmus et al 2020) found significantly reduced IPL thickness in FDRs when compared to healthy controls while the other (Kaya et al 2022) found a trend with lowest GCL-IPL thickness in patients and the highest in controls. In BD, one study (Ayik et al 2022) found significant reduction in GCL-IPL in both patients and FDRs compared to controls, while another study (Kilicarslan et al 2022) found central MT to be lower in patients and FDRs compared to controls, although the difference between FDRs and controls was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Oct Findings In First-degree Relatives (Fdrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

Prasannakumar

Kumar

Mailankody

et al. 2023

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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Objectives: Due to the common neurodevelopmental origin and easy accessibility, the retina serves as a surrogate marker for changes in the brain. Hence, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a tool to examine the neuronal layers of retina has gained importance in investigating psychiatric disorders. Several studies in the last decade have reported retinal structural alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the findings are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate alterations in OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD. Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies that examined OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD published up to January 2023. The primary outcome measures were thickness and volumes of the retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL). We conducted meta-analysis using a random effects model. Results: The searches yielded 2638 publications of which 43 studies were included in the final analysis across all disorders. Compared to controls, the RNFL was thinner in SCZ patients (SMD ¼ À0.37, p ¼ <0.001) and BD patients (SMD ¼ À0.67, p ¼ < 0.001), but not in MDD patients (SMD ¼ À0.08, p ¼ 0.54). On quadrant wise analysis, temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner in SCZ but not in BD, while all other quadrants were thinner in both SCZ and BD. Conclusion: We found significant reductions in RNFL thickness in SCZ and BD, but not in MDD. The differential involvement in various quadrants and parameters across the disorders has potential implications for using retinal parameters as a diagnostic biomarker.

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Comparing retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings with healthy controls: Are retinal findings potential endophenotype candidates?

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

Association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

Neuropsychological and Clinical Correlations of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients with Schizophrenia

A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

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