“…My criticisms of widely used data and coding practices in nonviolent civil resistance research stem from personal experiences with the Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes (NAVCO) 1.0 and 2.0 data sets. Having engaged in qualitative and comparative inquiry on nonviolence during doctoral and postdoctoral studies, I was well aware of these data and after substantial inquiry on many cases, variables, and research topics such as repression backfire (Anisin, 2016), state repression (Anisin, 2019), and security force defection (Anisin, 2020b; 2020c), I started to notice problems. Before delving into these problems, we must keep in mind that these data are widely utilized, cited, and studied across interdisciplinary scholarly outlets.…”