Comparing Personality Traits, Mental Health and Self-Esteem in Users and Non-Users of Social Networks

Abstract

Background: Various aspects of the psychological component have been affected by the spread of social networks and using these networks by the students. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the personality traits, mental health and self-esteem in users and non-users of social networks. Methods: This study conducted as a casual-comparative study among the descriptive designs. In this regard, 372 female high school students studying in the school year 2015 -2016 were selected from the Instagram and Telegram users of the social networks using multi-stage cluster sampling. Self-made demographic information questionnaire for the participants, Rosenberg questionnaire for evaluating self-esteem index, Hegzako questionnaire for personality traits and Goldberg mental health questionnaire for mental health index were used in the study. Data were analyzed by chi-square, analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results:The results showed that there was a significant difference between users and non-users groups in terms of openness personality component (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in four components of mental health (P < 0.01). There was also a significant difference for self-esteem index between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions:The findings of this study emphasize the attention to psychological factors in planning of preventive interventions.

Social Media Use and Mental Health and Well-Being Among Adolescents – A Scoping Review

“…Eleven publications were reviews or meta-analyses and included primary studies from different settings ( Aboujaoude et al, 2015 ; Best et al, 2015 ; Hamm et al, 2015 ; Richards et al, 2015 ; Fisher et al, 2016 ; Foody et al, 2017 ; Marchant et al, 2017 ; Curtis et al, 2018 ; Erfani and Abedin, 2018 ; John et al, 2018 ; Memon et al, 2018 ). One study used both a home and school setting ( Erreygers et al, 2018 ), and 11 (14%) of the included studies did not mention the study setting for data collection ( Ferguson et al, 2014 ; Tseng and Yang, 2015 ; Fahy et al, 2016 ; Burnette et al, 2017 ; Jafarpour et al, 2017 ; Przybylski and Weinstein, 2017 ; Wolke et al, 2017 ; O’Reilly et al, 2018 ; Twenge et al, 2018 ; Throuvala et al, 2019 ; Twenge and Campbell, 2019 ).…”

“…Twenty of the included studies focused on different aspects of good mental health, such as well-being, happiness, or quality of life ( Best et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Bourgeois et al, 2014 ; Ferguson et al, 2014 ; Cross et al, 2015 ; Koo et al, 2015 ; Richards et al, 2015 ; Spears et al, 2015 ; Fahy et al, 2016 ; Foerster and Roosli, 2017 ; Przybylski and Bowes, 2017 ; Przybylski and Weinstein, 2017 ; Yan et al, 2017 ; Booker et al, 2018 ; de Lenne et al, 2018 ; Erfani and Abedin, 2018 ; Erreygers et al, 2018 ; Lai et al, 2018 ; van den Eijnden et al, 2018 ; Twenge and Campbell, 2019 ). Nineteen studies had a more broad-stroke approach, and covered general mental health or psychiatric problems ( Aboujaoude et al, 2015 ; Hanprathet et al, 2015 ; Hase et al, 2015 ; Sampasa-Kanyinga and Lewis, 2015 ; Spears et al, 2015 ; Fisher et al, 2016 ; Barry et al, 2017 ; Jafarpour et al, 2017 ; Kim, 2017 ; Merelle et al, 2017 ; Oberst et al, 2017 ; Wolke et al, 2017 ; Marengo et al, 2018 ; Marques et al, 2018 ; Sampasa-Kanyinga et al, 2018 ; Holfeld and Mishna, 2019 ; Kim et al, 2019 ; Larm et al, 2019 ). Eight studies examined the link between social media use and body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms ( Ferguson et al, 2014 ; Meier and Gray, 2014 ; de Vries et al, 2016 ; Burnette et al, 2017 ; Rousseau et al, 2017 ; Tiggemann and Slater, 2017 ; Marengo et al, 2018 ; Wartberg et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Almost half ( n = 34, 43%) of the included studies focus on use of social network sites or online communication in general, without specifying particular social media sites, leaving this up to the study participants to decide ( Best et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Ferguson et al, 2014 ; Neira and Barber, 2014 ; O’Connor et al, 2014 ; Koo et al, 2015 ; Tseng and Yang, 2015 ; Fahy et al, 2016 ; Woods and Scott, 2016 ; Burnette et al, 2017 ; Colder Carras et al, 2017 ; Foerster and Roosli, 2017 ; Foody et al, 2017 ; Geusens and Beullens, 2017 , 2018 ; Jafarpour et al, 2017 ; Kim, 2017 ; Marchant et al, 2017 ; Oberst et al, 2017 ; Przybylski and Weinstein, 2017 ; Salmela-Aro et al, 2017 ; Yan et al, 2017 ; Curtis et al, 2018 ; Erfani and Abedin, 2018 ; Erreygers et al, 2018 ; Nursalam et al, 2018 ; Scott and Woods, 2018 ; van den Eijnden et al, 2018 ; Wartberg et al, 2018 ; Critchlow et al, 2019 ; Holfeld and Mishna, 2019 ; Larm et al, 2019 ; Throuvala et al, 2019 ; Twenge and Campbell, 2019 ). Seven of the included studies examined the relationship between virtual game worlds or socially oriented video games and mental health ( Ferguson et al, 2014 ; Best et al, 2015 ; Spears et al, 2015 ; Yan et al, 2017 ; van den Eijnden et al, 2018 ; Larm et al, 2019 ; Twenge and Campbell, 2019 ).…”

“…In the 79 studies included in this scoping review, several approaches to measuring social media use are utilized. The combination of frequency and duration of social media use is by far the most used measurement of social media use, and 44 (56%) of the included studies collected data on these parameters ( Ferguson et al, 2014 ; Meier and Gray, 2014 ; Neira and Barber, 2014 ; Banjanin et al, 2015 ; Best et al, 2015 ; Hanprathet et al, 2015 ; Sampasa-Kanyinga and Lewis, 2015 ; Tseng and Yang, 2015 ; Boyle et al, 2016 ; de Vries et al, 2016 ; Frison and Eggermont, 2016 , 2017 ; Harbard et al, 2016 ; Sampasa-Kanyinga and Chaput, 2016 ; Woods and Scott, 2016 ; Banyai et al, 2017 ; Brunborg et al, 2017 ; Colder Carras et al, 2017 ; Foerster and Roosli, 2017 ; Jafarpour et al, 2017 ; Kim, 2017 ; Larm et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Merelle et al, 2017 ; Nesi et al, 2017b ; Oberst et al, 2017 ; Rousseau et al, 2017 ; Tiggemann and Slater, 2017 ; Yan et al, 2017 ; Booker et al, 2018 ; de Lenne et al, 2018 ; Erreygers et al, 2018 ; Houghton et al, 2018 ; Lai et al, 2018 ; Marengo et al, 2018 ; Marques et al, 2018 ; Niu et al, 2018 ; Nursalam et al, 2018 ; Sampasa-Kanyinga et al, 2018 ; Scott and Woods, 2018 ; Settanni et al, 2018 ; Twenge et al, 2018 ; van den Eijnden et al, 2018 ; Twenge and Campbell, 2019 ). Eight studies focused on the relationship between social media addiction or excessive use and mental health ( Banjanin et al, 2015 ; Tseng and Yang, 2015 ; Banyai et al, 2017 ; Merelle et al, 2017 ; Nursalam et al, 2018 ; Settanni et...…”

“…Of 7927 unique studies, 79 (1%) met our inclusion criteria (Aboujaoude et al, 2015;Banjanin et al, 2015;Banyai et al, 2017;Barry et al, 2017;Best et al, 2014Best et al, , 2015Booker et al, 2018;Bourgeois et al, 2014;Boyle et al, 2016;Brunborg et al, 2017;Burnette et al, 2017;Colder Carras et al, 2017;Critchlow et al, 2019;Cross et al, 2015;Curtis et al, 2018;de Lenne et al, 2018;de Vries et al, 2016;Erfani and Abedin, 2018;Erreygers et al, 2018;Fahy et al, 2016;Ferguson et al, 2014;Fisher et al, 2016;Foerster and Roosli, 2017;Foody et al, 2017;Fredrick and Demaray, 2018;Beullens, 2017, 2018;Hamm et al, 2015;Hanprathet et al, 2015;Harbard et al, 2016;Hase et al, 2015;Holfeld and Mishna, 2019;Houghton et al, 2018;Jafarpour et al, 2017;John et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2019;Kim, 2017;Koo et al, 2015;Lai et al, 2018;Larm et al, 2017Larm et al, , 2019…”