Comparing Patterns of Hurricane Washover into Built and Unbuilt Environments

Lazarus, Eli D.; Goldstein, Evan B.; Taylor, Luke A.; Williams, Hannah

doi:10.1029/2020ef001818

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Disagreement between developed barrier response and theoretical expectations could indicate that important variables are missing in our model. Perhaps it is the erodibility of pavement or surface heterogeneity that funnels or disperses overwashing flows (Lazarus et al., 2021; Rogers et al., 2015) that dominate the response to storms for developed coasts. Many coasts are developed, so the poor performance of our (fairly traditional) sediment transport predictor indicates a need for morphodynamic formulations and models better suited for these environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barrier Breaching Versus Overwash Deposition: Predicting the Morphologic Impact of Storms on Coastal Barriers

2021

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Waves and water level setup during storms can create overwashing flows across barrier islands. Overwashing flows can cause erosion, barrier breaching, and inlet formation, but their sediments can also be deposited and form washover fans. These widely different outcomes remain difficult to predict. Here we suggest that a breach develops when the sediment volume transported by overwashing flows exceeds the barrier subaerial volume. We form a simple analytical theory that estimates overwashing flows from storm characteristics, barrier morphology, and dune vegetation, and which can be used to assess washover deposition and breaching likelihood. Our theory suggests that barrier width and storm surge height are two important controls on barrier breaching. We test our theory with the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model Delft3D as well as with field observations of 21 washover fans and 6 breaches that formed during Hurricane Sandy. There is reasonable correspondence for natural but not for developed barrier coasts, where traditional sediment transport equations do not readily apply. Our analytical formulations for breach formation and overwash deposition can be used to improve long‐term barrier island models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rogers et al (2015) found a 40% decrease in overwash volumes comparing residential to natural environments. Structures block flow and pavement limits erosion (Lazarus et al, 2021;Rogers et al, 2015).…”

Section: Comparison Against Observations From Hurricane Sandymentioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier Breaching Versus Overwash Deposition: Predicting the Morphologic Impact of Storms on Coastal Barriers

2021

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“…This emphasizes the prominent role of internal dynamics -as opposed to external forcing -in controlling barrier evolution (Ciarletta et al, 2019;Lorenzo-Trueba & Ashton, 2014;Reeves et al, 2021). In this way, the impacts of shrubs are similar to those of dunes (Reeves et al, 2021) and human infrastructure (Lazarus et al, 2021;Rogers et al, 2015), two additional suites of processes internal to barrier systems that can restrict sediment delivery into and across the barrier interior.…”

Section: Ecological Impacts On Barrier Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring the Impacts of Shrub‐Overwash Feedbacks in Coastal Barrier Systems With an Ecological‐Morphological Model

et al. 2022

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Shrubs are common – and presently expanding – across coastal barrier interiors (the land between the foredune system and back‐barrier bay), and have the potential to influence barrier morphodynamics by obstructing cross‐shore overwash flow. The ecological and geomorphological consequences of ecomorphodynamic couplings of the barrier interior, however, remain largely unexplored. In this contribution, we add an ecological module of shrub expansion and mortality to a spatially‐explicit exploratory model of barrier evolution (Barrier3D) to explore the effects of shrub‐barrier feedbacks. In our model simulations, we find that the presence of shrubs significantly alters barrier morphology and behavior. Over timescales of decades to centuries, barriers with shrubs (relative to those without) tend to be narrower, migrate landward more slowly, and have a greater proportion of subaerial volume distributed toward the ocean‐side of the barrier. Shrubs also tend to increase the likelihood of discontinuous barrier retreat, a behavior in which a barrier oscillates between periods of transgression and relative immobility, because shrubs induce prolonged periods of barrier immobility by obstructing overwash flow. However, shrubs can increase barrier vulnerability to drowning by preventing periods of transgression needed to maintain barrier elevation relative to rising sea levels. Additionally, physical barrier processes influence shrub expansion in our simulations; we find that greater dune erosion and overwash disturbance tends to slow the rate of shrub expansion across the barrier interior. Complementing recent observational studies of barrier islands in Virginia, USA, our results suggest that interior ecology can be a key component of barrier evolution on annual to centurial timescales.

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“…The 1600 specific images labeled in this study were selected through an existing activelearning system for developing a ML model to automatically detect washover deposits -the sedimentary features left on land surfaces by elevated coastal water levels (e.g., Price 1947;Hudock et al, 2014;Lazarus, 2016;Lazarus et al, 2021) -in unlabeled imagery from the three reconnaissance flights following Hurricanes Florence, Michael, and Isaias, respectively. Here we briefly review the active-learning system, but refer readers to Goldstein et al (2020a) for more details.…”

Section: Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Labeling Poststorm Coastal Imagery for Machine Learning: Measurement of Interrater Agreement

Goldstein

Buscombe

Lazarus

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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Comparing Patterns of Hurricane Washover into Built and Unbuilt Environments

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Barrier Breaching Versus Overwash Deposition: Predicting the Morphologic Impact of Storms on Coastal Barriers

Barrier Breaching Versus Overwash Deposition: Predicting the Morphologic Impact of Storms on Coastal Barriers

Exploring the Impacts of Shrub‐Overwash Feedbacks in Coastal Barrier Systems With an Ecological‐Morphological Model

Labeling Poststorm Coastal Imagery for Machine Learning: Measurement of Interrater Agreement

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