Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (<i>Chlorocebus</i> and <i>Papio</i>)

Dolotovskaya, Sofya; Bordallo, Juan Torroba; Haus, Tanja; Noll, Angela; Hofreiter, Michael; Zinner, Dietmar; Roos, Christian

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa026

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Bale monkeys in fragments have similar terrestrial locomotor modes (running and galloping) to those of grivets that are uncommon among arboreal Bale monkeys in continuous forest. Thus, we propose that the ancestors of the arboreal Bale monkey may have been semi‐terrestrial savannah dwelling species (Dolotovskaya et al, ) that transitioned to arboreality and adapted to closed canopies in continuous bamboo forest to exploit an available bamboo‐based dietary niche (Mekonnen, Bekele, Fashing, et al, ; Mekonnen, Bekele, Hemson, et al, ; Mekonnen et al, ). As some habitats became fragmented through human disturbance, Bale monkeys in fragments returned to a semi‐terrestrial lifestyle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility in positional behavior, strata use, and substrate utilization among Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in response to habitat fragmentation and degradation

Mekonnen

Fashing

Sargis

et al. 2018

American J Primatol

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Studies of the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on primate positional behavior, strata use, and substrate utilization offer valuable insights into the behavioral and ecological flexibility of primates whose habitats have undergone extensive anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we evaluated how positional behavior, strata use, and substrate utilization differed between Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis)-bamboo-eating cercopithecids endemic to the southern Ethiopian Highlands-occupying continuous versus fragmented forests. Bale monkeys in forest fragments (where bamboo had been degraded or eradicated) spent significantly more time on the ground and in understory strata whereas those in continuous forest spent significantly more time in the middle and upper strata. Bale monkeys in forest fragments also spent significantly more time walking and galloping and significantly less time climbing than those in continuous forest. Our results suggest that, unlike the primarily arboreal Bale monkeys in continuous forest, Bale monkeys in forest fragments should be characterized as semi-terrestrial. In response to habitat disturbance in fragments, we observed a greater emphasis on terrestrial foraging and travel among Bale monkeys in these human altered habitats, which may put them at greater risk of predation and conflict with nearby human populations. Bale monkeys in fragments exhibit flexibility in their positional behavioral repertoire and their degree of terrestriality is more similar to their sister taxa in Chlorocebus than to Bale monkeys in continuous forest. These findings suggest that habitat alteration may compel Bale monkeys to exhibit semi-terrestrial behaviors crucial for their persistence in human-modified habitats. Our results contribute to a growing body of literature on primate behavioral responses to anthropogenic modification of their habitats and provide information that can contribute to the design of appropriate conservation management plans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility in positional behavior, strata use, and substrate utilization among Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in response to habitat fragmentation and degradation

Mekonnen

Fashing

Sargis

et al. 2018

American J Primatol

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“…Further, PCR controls (without template DNA) were routinely conducted and procedures were repeated for 10% of randomly selected samples. To minimize the risk of amplifying nuclear mitochondrial-like sequences (numts), we designed genus-specific primers on the basis of published mtDNA genomes from Chlorocebus [ 46 ]. We tested these primers, using the lab methods mentioned above, in ten Chlorocebus individuals for which we recently generated mtDNA genomes [ 46 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the risk of amplifying nuclear mitochondrial-like sequences (numts), we designed genus-specific primers on the basis of published mtDNA genomes from Chlorocebus [ 46 ]. We tested these primers, using the lab methods mentioned above, in ten Chlorocebus individuals for which we recently generated mtDNA genomes [ 46 ]. The obtained sequences were identical to their mtDNA genome orthologs, suggesting that the primers amplify solely mtDNA and no numts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure and evolutionary history of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in the southern Ethiopian Highlands

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSpecies with a restricted geographic distribution, and highly specialized habitat and dietary requirements, are particularly vulnerable to extinction. The Bale monkey (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) is a little-known arboreal, bamboo-specialist primate endemic to the southern Ethiopian Highlands. While most Bale monkeys inhabit montane forests dominated by bamboo, some occupy forest fragments where bamboo is much less abundant. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to analyse the genetic structure and evolutionary history of Bale monkeys covering the majority of their remaining distribution range. We analysed 119 faecal samples from their two main habitats, continuous forest (CF) and fragmented forests (FF), and sequenced 735 bp of the hypervariable region I (HVI) of the control region. We added 12 orthologous sequences from congeneric vervets (C. pygerythrus) and grivets (C. aethiops) as well as animals identified as hybrids, previously collected in southern Ethiopia.ResultsWe found strong genetic differentiation (with no shared mtDNA haplotypes) between Bale monkey populations from CF and FF. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two distinct and highly diverged clades: a Bale monkey clade containing only Bale monkeys from CF and a green monkey clade where Bale monkeys from FF cluster with grivets and vervets. Analyses of demographic history revealed that Bale monkey populations (CF and FF) have had stable population sizes over an extended period, but have all recently experienced population declines.ConclusionsThe pronounced genetic structure and deep mtDNA divergence between Bale monkey populations inhabiting CF and FF are likely to be the results of hybridization and introgression of the FF population with parapatric Chlorocebus species, in contrast to the CF population, which was most likely not impacted by hybridization. Hybridization in the FF population was probably enhanced by an alteration of the bamboo forest habitat towards a more open woodland habitat, which enabled the parapatric Chlorocebus species to invade the Bale monkey's range and introgress the FF population. We therefore propose that the CF and FF Bale monkey populations should be managed as separate units when developing conservation strategies for this threatened species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1217-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Like the genus Homo , baboons are the products of a radiation that began in nonforest, tropical Africa around 2 Ma. Along with the rest of the fauna of tropical Africa (e.g., Dolotovskaya et al; Grubb; Kingdon), they have been subject to climatic fluctuations and geological events that caused repeated fragmentation and reconnection of populations, producing successive intervals of genetic divergence due to geographical isolation and secondary contact with admixture. The ecological and habitat parallels make them a prime analog for hominin evolution .…”

Section: The Human Genome Shows Extensive Evidence Of Introgression Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization in human evolution: Insights from other organisms

Ackermann

Arnold

Baiz

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Anthropology

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During the late Pleistocene, isolated lineages of hominins exchanged genes thus influencing genomic variation in humans in both the past and present. However, the dynamics of this genetic exchange and associated phenotypic consequences through time remain poorly understood. Gene exchange across divergent lineages can result in myriad outcomes arising from these dynamics and the environmental conditions under which it occurs. Here we draw from our collective research across various organisms, illustrating some of the ways in which gene exchange can structure

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Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio)

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Flexibility in positional behavior, strata use, and substrate utilization among Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in response to habitat fragmentation and degradation

Flexibility in positional behavior, strata use, and substrate utilization among Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in response to habitat fragmentation and degradation

Population genetic structure and evolutionary history of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in the southern Ethiopian Highlands

Hybridization in human evolution: Insights from other organisms

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