Comparing metabolic control and complications in type 2 diabetes in two Pacific Islands at baseline and following diabetes care intervention

Tin, Si Thu Win; Laesango, Nevalyn; Gadabu, Eva; Colagiuri, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2016.03.001

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, treatment for diabetes should be timely, focused on people centred integrated and self-management approach for better health outcomes, [23][24] and implementing a locally relevant and sustainable model of diabetes care focusing on capacity building in the small island states demonstrated improvement in diabetes services, metabolic and glycaemic control. 25 However, our study found a high prevalence of poor glycaemic control, high blood pressure and overweight and obese among people with diabetes, and irregular follow-up visits. This was most likely due to the lack of knowledge and awareness on diabetes complications, and disruption of diabetes management services resulting from COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters affecting Tonga in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Measuring Diabetes Complications, Risk Factors and Capacity for Managing Diabetes: An Initial Step to Improve Diabetes Care at The Primary Health Centre in Tonga

Win Tin,

Matoto,

Na’ati

et al. 2023

MRAJ

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Background: The small Pacific Island nation like Tonga has faced a crisis for decades due to premature loss of lives and disabilities due to diabetes. However, there is limited peer-reviewed literatures on the rates of diabetes complications and capacity for providing quality diabetes care in Tonga. The lack of adequate information in local context triggers significant challenges to make informed decision, proper planning, and effective implementation to improve diabetes care. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes complications and associated risk factors among people with diabetes, and the capacity for managing diabetes as an initial step towards strengthening diabetes care at the primary health care setting in Tonga. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 207 people with diabetes from the primary health care centre in Tonga. People with diabetes were screened by qualified health professional using a standardised protocol, and the capacity of diabetes care was assessed by a standardised assessment form. Results: Of the 207 people with diabetes aged between 20 and 80 years screened for diabetes related complications, 135 (74%) had family history of diabetes, 57 (28%) female subjects had history of gestational diabetes, and 28 (14%) subjects were current smokers. The prevalence of overweight was 51%, obese was 38% and hypertension was 44%. The percentage of subjects with high cholesterol was 42%. HbA1c was measured and subjects with good, poor, and very poor blood glucose control were 15%, 49% and 36% respectively. The percentage of people with diabetes who had retinopathy was 18% and who were at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer was 14%. This study also found that people with diabetes did not attend regular follow-up visits at the health care centre and the capacity to provide quality diabetes care services is limited. Conclusion: This study highlighted the urgent need to improve the quality and accessibility of diabetes care to reduce diabetes complications. The findings also provided a timely reminder to government and development partners to invest additional resources to effectively manage diabetes at the primary health care level. Tonga will require to strengthen a resilient health system to improve screening for early detecting of diabetes complications and enhance management services at the primary health care setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Measuring Diabetes Complications, Risk Factors and Capacity for Managing Diabetes: An Initial Step to Improve Diabetes Care at The Primary Health Centre in Tonga

Win Tin,

Matoto,

Na’ati

et al. 2023

MRAJ

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“…Over the past two decades, research on T2DM in Pacific Island countries has mainly focused on influencing factors analysis [7,8], diabetes prevention strategies [9][10][11][12][13], ethnic differences in the incidence of diabetes in Pacific Island countries [14][15][16][17], the relationship between diabetes and other diseases7, and epidemiological research [18,19]. Some studies specifically highlight the importance of obesity and dietary changes in Pacific Island countries, both of which are thought to be major contributors to the increase in diabetes [7,[20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the changes and predictions of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pacific Island countries from 1990 to 2019

Li,

Zhang,

Jiang

2023

PLoS ONE

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Aims To assess the burden of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island countries and predict future trends. Methods We analyzed and processed data using R and Excel software, performed Joinpoint 4.7.0 software analysis to investigate changing trends in disease burden, and used an autoregressive integrated moving average model to forecast future trends. Results Our study showed that from 1990 to 2019, the burden of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island countries continues to increase, with the standardized incidence rate showing the most significant growth. Moreover, there were significant differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes between regions. In 2019, American Samoa had the highest standardized incidence rate, while Fiji had the highest standardized death rate and disability-adjusted life year rate. The standardized incidence rate peaked at ages 65–69 years, while the standardized death rate and disability-adjusted life year rate peaked at ages 95 years and 70–74 years respectively. Type 2 diabetes burden was higher among males than females. Based on our forecasting, from 2020 to 2030, the standardized incidence rate is expected to continue to rise, while the standardized death rate and disability-adjusted life year rate will slowly decline. Conclusions Our study highlights that the burden of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island countries has been increasing from 1990 to 2019. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen disease prevention and control measures in the region.

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Diabetes-related foot interventions to improve outcomes for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries: A scoping review

Garrett,

Ihaka,

Murphy

et al. 2024

First Nations Health and Wellbeing - The Lowitja Journal

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Comparing metabolic control and complications in type 2 diabetes in two Pacific Islands at baseline and following diabetes care intervention

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Measuring Diabetes Complications, Risk Factors and Capacity for Managing Diabetes: An Initial Step to Improve Diabetes Care at The Primary Health Centre in Tonga

Measuring Diabetes Complications, Risk Factors and Capacity for Managing Diabetes: An Initial Step to Improve Diabetes Care at The Primary Health Centre in Tonga

Research on the changes and predictions of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pacific Island countries from 1990 to 2019

Diabetes-related foot interventions to improve outcomes for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries: A scoping review

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