Comparing medication persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in real-world setting

Rea, Federico; Ciardullo, Stefano; Savaré, Laura; Perseghin, Gianluca; Corrao, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109035

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…To preserve privacy, each identification code is automatically anonymized, and the inverse process is only allowed to the regional authority upon request of judicial authorities. Further details on Healthcare Utilization Databases in pharmacoepidemiological studies are available in previous studies ( 15 , 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Large Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Ciardullo

Rea

Savaré

et al. 2022

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context It is still debated whether prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might affect metabolic health. Objective To investigate the relationship between prolonged use of PPIs and the risk of developing diabetes. Methods We performed a case-control study nested into a cohort of 777,420 patients newly treated with PPIs between 2010 and 2015 in Lombardy, Italy. A total of 50,535 cases diagnosed with diabetes until 2020 were matched with an equal number of controls that were randomly selected from the cohort members according to age, sex, and clinical status. Exposure to treatment with PPIs was assessed in case-control pairs based on time of therapy. A conditional logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the exposure-outcome association, after adjusting for several covariates. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our findings. Results Compared to patients who used PPIs for <8 weeks, higher odds of diabetes of 19% (95% CI, 15–24%), 43% (38–49%), and 56% (49–64%) were observed among those who used PPIs for between 8 weeks and 6 months, 6 months and 2 years, and >2 years, respectively. The results were consistent when analyses were stratified according to age, sex and clinical profile, with higher ORs being found in younger patients and those with worse clinical complexity. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the association was consistent and robust. Conclusions Regular and prolonged use of PPIs is associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Physicians should therefore avoid unnecessary prescription of this class of drugs, particularly for long-term use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Large Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Ciardullo

Rea

Savaré

et al. 2022

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…Current type 2 diabetes guidelines to intensify therapy after metformin are largely based on potential added benefits (e.g., weight reduction) or increased risk of side effects (e.g., hypoglycemia). The reduction in MACE with therapy with sodium-glucose co-transport-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) appear to be significantly less in women with diabetes vs. men, while glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) confer a similar reduction in major adverse cardiac events, irrespective of the gender [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Types Of Diabetes and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gender in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complication

Ciarambino

Leto

Mastrolorenzo

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In medicine, there is growing evidence that gender differences are important and lead to variations in the pathophysiology and treatment of many diseases with traits that appear to be particularly relevant in influencing the outcomes of many morbid forms. Today, the inclusion of gender in biomedical research, to improve the scientific quality and scientific relevance of knowledge, of technology is an increasingly present element precisely due to the practical implications that derive from it. Gender differences describe the biological variability between women and men, which is, in turn, related to differences in the information contained in sex chromosomes, the specific gene expression of autosomes linked to sex, the different number and quality of sex hormones, and their different effects on systems and organs, without neglecting the fact that each of the sexes has different target organs on which these hormones act. Additionally, both genders undergo metabolic changes throughout their lives, and this is especially true for women who show more dramatic changes due to their role in reproduction. Gender differences are not only the result of our genetic makeup but are also mixed with socio-cultural habits, behaviors, and lifestyles, differences between women and men, exposure to specific environmental influences, different food and lifestyle styles or stress, or different attitude in compliance with treatments and disease prevention campaigns. Gender differences also affect behavior throughout life, and physical changes can have implications for lifestyle, social roles, and mental health. Therefore, determinism and therapeutic outcome in chronic diseases are influenced by a complex combination of biological and environmental factors, not forgetting that there are many interactions of social and biological factors in women and men. This review will address the role of gender differences in the management of various forms of diabetes and its complications considering the different biological functions of hormones, the difference in body composition, physiological differences in glucose and fat metabolism, also considering the role of the microbiota. intestinal, as well as the description of gestational diabetes linked to possible pathophysiological events typical of reproduction.

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“…However, the duration of the treatmentfree period used to define treatment discontinuation, varied across the studies, spanning from 60 to 184 days [23][24][25][26][27] (Table 3). Treatment discontinuation was defined as a change in the type of OAD by Jermendy et al, 24 Rea et al, 25 Strain et al, 23 and Vlacho et al, 26 whereas Wilding et al 27 MPR is defined as the ratio between the number of days a patient is supplied with the given medication and the number of days between each medication refill over a given time span. 28 It expresses the percentage of time that a subject has the medication available 28 and is, thus, a proxy for treatment adherence.…”

Section: Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to newer second‐line oral antidiabetic drugs among people with type 2 diabetes—A systematic review

Holdt‐Caspersen,

Dethlefsen,

Vestergaard

et al. 2024

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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The adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is suboptimal. However, new OADs have been marketed within the last 10 years. As these new drugs differ in mechanism of action, treatment complexity, and side effects, they may influence adherence. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the adherence to newer second‐line OADs, defined as drugs marketed in 2012–2022, among people with T2D. A systematic review was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane Trials, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles were included if they were original research of adherence to newer second‐line OADs and reported objective adherence quantification. The quality of the articles was assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tools. The overall findings were reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and summarized in a narrative synthesis. All seven included articles were European retrospective cohort studies investigating alogliptin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and unspecified types of SGLT2i. Treatment discontinuation and medication possession ratio (MPR) were the most frequently reported adherence quantification measures. Within the first 12 months of treatment, 29%–44% of subjects on SGLT2i discontinued the treatment. In terms of MPR, 61.7%–94.9% of subjects on either alogliptin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin or an unspecified SGLT2i were adherent. The two investigated adherence quantification measures, treatment discontinuation and MPR, suggest that adherence to the newer second‐line OADs may be better than that of older OADs. However, a study directly comparing older and newer OADs should be done to verify this.

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Comparing medication persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in real-world setting

Abstract: Comparing medication persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in real-world setting,

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Prolonged Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Large Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Prolonged Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Large Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Influence of Gender in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complication

Adherence to newer second‐line oral antidiabetic drugs among people with type 2 diabetes—A systematic review

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