Comparing LOPES measurements of air-shower radio emission with REAS 3.11 and CoREAS simulations

Apel, W. D.; Arteaga‐Velázquez, J. C.; Bähren, L.; Bekk, K.; Bertaina, M.; Biermann, P. L.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Cantoni, E.; Чиавасса, А.; Daumiller, K.; Souza, V. de; Pierro, F. Di; Döll, P.; Engel, R.; Falcke, H.; Fuchs, B.; Fuhrmann, D.; Gemmeke, H.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horneffer, A.; Huber, Daniel; Huege, T.; Isar, P. G.; Kampert, K. H.; Kang, D.; Krömer, O.; Kuijpers, J.; Link, K.; Łuczak, P.; Ludwig, M.; Mathes, H.J.; Melissas, M.; Morello, C.; Oehlschläger, J.; Palmieri, N.; Pierog, T.; Rautenberg, J.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Rühle, C.; Sǎftoiu, A.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, A.; Schröder, Frank G.; Sima, O.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Zabierowski, J.; Zensus, J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.09.003

Cited by 19 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The new and probably final LOPES results are based on a realistic set of end-to-end simulations. For each measured LOPES event two CoREAS simulations were produced, one for a proton, one for an iron nucleus as primary particle, using the shower axis and energy reconstructed by KASCADE-Grande as input [23]. Then, the detector responses of the antennas and the subsequent signal chain have been applied and real measured background has been added to the simulations.…”

Section: Experimental Setup Measurements and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferometric Radio Measurements of Air Showers with LOPES: Final Results

Schröder¹,

Falcke²,

Hörandel³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2017)

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LOPES was the radio extension of the KASCADE-Grande particle-detector array consisting of up to 30 antennas measuring the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers between 40 and 80 MHz with an energy threshold of around 100 PeV. Even with the external trigger by the particle detectors, the separation of the air-shower signal from the radio background was difficult in the noisy environment of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. For the typical event this was only possible because of the digital, interferometric beamforming technique pioneered by LOPES for cosmic-ray detection. Using this technique LOPES made important discoveries with respect to the radio emission of air showers and their relation to the shower properties, such as its energy and its longitudinal development. By now, practically all results have been confirmed by subsequent antenna arrays, but regarding digital interferometry the LOPES results are still unique. Lately we completed an end-to-end pipeline for CoREAS simulations of the radio emission including measured background and all known detector responses as well as the interferometric analysis technique. As result we present an update on the reconstruction of the most important shower parameters: arrival direction, energy, and X max .

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Section: Experimental Setup Measurements and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferometric Radio Measurements of Air Showers with LOPES: Final Results

Schröder¹,

Falcke²,

Hörandel³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2017)

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“…Until now only CoREAS has been extensively tested against measurements: absolute amplitude measurements by LOPES and Tunka-Rex are consistent inside of a 20 % scale uncertainty with CoREAS (see figure 1). The apparent disagreement of LOPES and CoREAS published earlier [23], has recently been solved by a reevaluation of the absolute calibration of LOPES [24]. Moreover, Tunka-Rex [25] and LOFAR have been [26] calibrated with exactly the same reference source as LOPES: LOPES and Tunka-Rex measurements agree within the calibration uncertainty [18], and a comparison with LOFAR measurements has still to be done.…”

Section: Understanding Of the Radio Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of air-shower measurements with sparse radio arrays

Schröder

2017

EPJ Web Conf.

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Abstract. This proceeding gives a summary of the current status and open questions of the radio technique for cosmic-ray air showers, assuming that the reader is already familiar with the principles. It includes recent results of selected experiments not present at this conference, e.g., LOPES and TREND. Current radio arrays like AERA or Tunka-Rex have demonstrated that areas of several km 2 can be instrumented for reasonable costs with antenna spacings of the order of 200 m. For the energy of the primary particle such sparse antenna arrays can already compete in absolute accuracy with other precise techniques, like the detection of air-fluorescence or air-Cherenkov light. With further improvements in the antenna calibration, the radio detection might become even more accurate. For the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, X max , currently only the dense array LOFAR features a precision similar to the fluorescence technique, but analysis methods for the radio measurement of X max are still under development. Moreover, the combination of radio and muon measurements is expected to increase the accuracy of the mass composition, and this around-the-clock recording is not limited to clear nights as are the light-detection methods. Consequently, radio antennas will be a valuable add-on for any air shower array targeting the energy range above 100 PeV.

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“…One way of doing this is by correlating the radio signals measured in different antennas with each other in an interferometric analysis similar to the ones used in radio astronomy. This technique has been applied successfully from the start in the LOPES experiment [3,29]. In fact, LOPES would never have been able to identify radio signals from air showers in its quasi-industrial environment withouth the use of interferometric techniques.…”

Section: Interferometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note, however, that these results are mostly of a preliminary nature because experimental characteristics have not been completely unfolded, etc. A very detaild study has recently been presented by the LOPES Collaboration [35], one result of which is shown [29]. This interferometric analysis allows one to reliably detect radio signals with a signal-tonoise ratio way too small for detection and identification in individual antennas.…”

Section: Energy Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape of the measured lateral distribution is very wellreproduced, including asymmetries due to the superposition of geomagnetic and charge-excess emission as well as Cherenkov bumps. The currently most uncertain quantity is the absolute scale of the emission, which is difficult to determine experimentally and where some deviations have yet to be studied further [29].…”

Section: Quality Of the Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Renaissance of Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays

Huege

2014

Braz J Phys

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Nearly 50 years ago, the first radio signals from cosmic ray air showers were detected. After many successful studies, however, research ceased not even 10 years later. Only a decade ago, the field was revived with the application of powerful digital signal processing techniques. Since then, the detection technique has matured, and we are now in a phase of transition from small-scale experiments accessing energies below 10 18 eV to experiments with a reach for energies beyond 10 19 eV. We have demonstrated that air shower radio signals carry information on both the energy and the mass of the primary particle, and current experiments are in the process of quantifying the precision with which this information can be accessed. All of this rests on a solid understanding of the radio emission processes which can be interpreted as a coherent superposition of geomagnetic emission, Askaryan charge-excess radiation, and Cherenkov-like coherence effects arising in the density gradient of the atmosphere. In this article, I highlight the "state of the art" of radio detection of cosmic rays and briefly discuss its perspectives for the next few years.

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Comparing LOPES measurements of air-shower radio emission with REAS 3.11 and CoREAS simulations

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Interferometric Radio Measurements of Air Showers with LOPES: Final Results

Interferometric Radio Measurements of Air Showers with LOPES: Final Results

Status of air-shower measurements with sparse radio arrays

The Renaissance of Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays

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