Comparing laser diffraction and optical microscopy for characterizing superabsorbent polymer particle morphology, size, and swelling capacity

Davis, Cole R.; Kelly, Stacey L; Erk, Kendra A.

doi:10.1002/app.46055

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The complex kinetics of SAP swelling is related to a specific interaction between the swelling medium molecules and the polymer side groups and the structural topology of the polymeric 3D network responsible for susceptibility to formation of voids that can be filled with the medium [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Natural Superabsorbents Based on Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid): Modification, Synthesis and Application

Czarnecka

Nowaczyk

2020

Polymers

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Biopolymer-based superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are being synthesized and investigated as a biodegradable alternative for an entirely synthetic SAPs, particularly those based on acrylic acid and its derivatives. This article focuses on the chemical modification of starch (S), and synthesis of new potentially biodegradable polymers using acrylic acid (AA) as side chain monomer and crosslinking mediator together with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The graft co-polymerization was initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) or potassium persulfate (KPS), leading to different reaction mechanisms. For each of the initiators, three different synthetic routes were applied. The structures of new bio-based SAPs were characterized by means of IR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric measurements were made to test the thermal stability, and morphology of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physico-chemical measurements were performed to characterize properties of new materials such as swelling characteristics. The water absorption capacity of resulting hydrogels was measured in distilled water and 0.9% NaCl solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Natural Superabsorbents Based on Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid): Modification, Synthesis and Application

Czarnecka

Nowaczyk

2020

Polymers

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“…The grain size distribution both of SAPs and of the tested soils was analysed in order to determine the correct methods for describing the swelling pressure of superabsorbents in a porous medium. Not only is the morphology of SAP particles a critical factor, but the particle size and swelling capacity are also important aspects in the consideration of when these particles are used in various applications [ 41 , 42 ]. Another parameter that is important from the point of view of SAPs and soil mixtures is soil porosity (e) which indicates the available volume.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Swelling Pressure for Superabsorbent Polymer and Soil Mixtures

et al. 2020

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Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are used in agriculture and environmental engineering to increase soil water retention. Under such conditions, the swelling pressure of the SAP in soil affects water absorption by SAP, and soil structure. The paper presents the results of swelling pressure of three cross-linked copolymers of acrylamide and potassium acrylate mixed at the ratios of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% with coarse sand and loamy sand. The highest values of swelling pressure were obtained for the 1% proportion, for coarse sand (79.53 kPa) and loamy sand (78.23 kPa). The time required to reach 90% of swelling pressure for each type of SAP differs. Samples of coarse sand mixed with SAP K2 in all concentrations reached 90% of total swelling pressure in 100 min, while the loamy sand mixtures needed only about 60 min. The results were the basis for developing a model for swelling pressure of the superabsorbent and soil mixtures, which is a fully stochastic model. The conducted research demonstrated that the course of pressure increase depends on the available pore capacity and the grain size distribution of SAPs. The obtained results and the proposed model may be applied everywhere where mixtures of SAPs and soils are used to improve plant vegetation conditions.

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“…The characteristics of grain size distribution need to be evaluated to determine the correct methods for swelling capacity characterization. The most important property of SAPs, i.e., their absorption capacity, is directly linked to particle size and degree of cross-linking 39 . The grain size distribution of soils is also important from the point of view of preparing SAP-soil mixtures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Absorbency Under Load (AUL) for Superabsorbent and Soil Mixtures

Misiewicz

Lejcuś

Dąbrowska

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Various applications of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) include the use of these materials in agriculture and environmental engineering to increase soil water retention. Under such conditions, there is water absorption of the SAP in soil under load. This paper presents the results of absorbency under load (AUL) of a cross-linked copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate mixed at ratios of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% with coarse sand and sandy loam. The mixtures were subjected to loads equivalent to 10, 20 and 40 cm of soil. The highest differences in AUL values for both soils, compared to the control sample, were obtained after 24 hours and at a maximum load of 5.9 kPa, which corresponds to a load of a 40 cm thick topsoil layer. The AUL was 71.4 g∙g−1 for coarse sand and 52.7 g∙g−1 for sandy loam with a 1.0% SAP addition, which corresponded to 24.0% and 18.0%, respectively, of the absorption in the control sample. All the conducted tests revealed a significantly low rate of water absorbency, which is especially important for capturing the water that infiltrates into the soil profile. The results demonstrate that water absorption by SAPs decreased with the increase in SAP addition.

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Comparing laser diffraction and optical microscopy for characterizing superabsorbent polymer particle morphology, size, and swelling capacity

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Semi-Natural Superabsorbents Based on Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid): Modification, Synthesis and Application

Semi-Natural Superabsorbents Based on Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid): Modification, Synthesis and Application

The Characteristics of Swelling Pressure for Superabsorbent Polymer and Soil Mixtures

The Characteristics of Absorbency Under Load (AUL) for Superabsorbent and Soil Mixtures

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