Comparing inflammatory cell density in the myocardium and coronary arteries in rheumatoid arthritis patients versus controls with myocardial infarction: A post-mortem case–control study

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling in microvessels of atherosclerotic lesions is associated with inflammation, atheromatous plaque morphology and myocardial infarction

“…1). The grade of stenosis of each coronary artery was previously calculated (lumen surface/lumen þ intima surface, in percentage) as described [12].…”

“…Chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) have long been associated with an increased risk of CVD [10]. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis occurs in higher frequencies as compared to the general population and is considered to be of a more progressive phenotype as lesions develop at a faster rate with plaque morphology that may be more vulnerable and prone to rupture [11,12]. Interestingly, several mechanisms implicated in RA pathogenesis, such as cytokines, immune cells, genetic and environmental risk factors, also contribute to atherosclerosis [13].…”

The Impact of Ischemic Heart Disease on Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Additionally, a pro-atherogenic profile is established: lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, depletion of endothelial progenitor cells, increased arterial stiffness, increased insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, elevated homocysteine levels, and atherogenic T-cell overexpression [21]. A post-death analysis indicated a higher density of inflammatory cells at the border of the area of myocardial necrosis after an episode of AMI among RA patients than in the control group [22].…”

Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature

“…The CML staining was quantified using an intensity scoring method, whereby each CML-positive blood vessel was given an intensity score of weak (1), moderate (2) or strong positive (3). 27 To obtain the CML IH score, each intensity score was multiplied by the number of blood vessels positive for this score. These were then added and subsequently divided by the surface area of the analysed tissue, resulting in an IH score per square centimetre.…”