Comparing Implementations of Estimation Methods for Spatial Econometrics

Bivand, Roger; Piras, Gianfranco

doi:10.18637/jss.v063.i18

Cited by 739 publications

(517 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…32,33 Spatial models control for spatial dependence among the variables (ie, that people live near people who are like them). This allows us to understand how factors such as the percentage of students who are white are correlated with PBE percentages without the inflating effect of spatial autocorrelation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccination in California: A Spatial Analysis

Carrel

Bitterman²

2015

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND: School vaccination rates in California have fallen as more parents opt for personal belief exemptions (PBEs) for their children. Our goals were to (1) spatially analyze PBE patterns over time, (2) determine correlates of PBEs, and (3) examine their spatial overlap with personal medical exemptions (PMEs).METHODS: PBE and PME data for California kindergarten classes from the 2001/2002 to 2013/2014 school years were matched to the locations of schools. Nonspatial clustering algorithms were implemented to group 5147 schools according to their trends in PBE percentages among kindergartners. Cluster assignments were mapped and hotspot analysis was performed to find areas in California where schools sharing trends in PBEs over time were colocated. Schools were further associated both with school-level data on minority enrollment and free and reduced price lunch participation and with charter/private and rural/urban status. Spatial regression was implemented to determine which school-level variables were correlated with PBE rates in the 2013/2014 school year.RESULTS: Distinct spatial patterns are observed in California when PBE cluster assignments are mapped. Results indicate that schools belonging to the "high PBE" cluster are spatially buffered from those in "low PBE" areas by "medium PBE" schools. Further, PBE rates are positively associated with the percentage of white students, charter status, and private schools.CONCLUSIONS: Hotspots of high PBE schools are in some cases colocated with schools that have elevated PME rates, prompting concern that herd immunity is diminished for school populations where students have no choice but to remain unvaccinated. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:An increasing number of children are unvaccinated at entry into public schools, potentially endangering children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons and threatening herd immunity. Voluntary exemptions from immunizations vary geographically and by parental characteristics. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:We find that exemption behavior is highest in peripheral areas of cities and that specific types of student populations are associated with high exemption rates. Additionally, there is spatial overlap between clusters of high personal exemption and medical exemption populations. Dr Carrel conceptualized and designed the study, performed statistical and spatial analysis, and drafted the initial manuscript; Mr Bitterman developed the dataset, carried out spatial and statistical analyses, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; and both authors approved the final manuscript as submitted.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccination in California: A Spatial Analysis

Carrel

Bitterman²

2015

Pediatrics

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“…Using the Durbin-Watson test, we found that autocorrelation did not affect the residuals. The Moran's I test from the spdep-package (Bivand et al 2013;Bivand and Piras 2015) detected no spatial autocorrelation in the residuals. For this test, we defined neighbors as those cells that touch each other along the border.…”

Section: Diagnostics and Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding site selection of illegal border crossings into a fenced protected area: a rational choice approach

2018

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This study investigates illegal border crossings by rhino poachers into a fenced reserve in South Africa, comparing journeys to and after crime using a rational choice approach. Using various regression models, our analysis indicates poachers prefer to enter and exit the reserve near high rhino densities, while high road densities outside the reserve increase the odds of an illegal entry. The results also show that half of the incursions occurred at a single location, leading us to describe the special circumstances of this outlier. The study lays a foundation for understanding the location choices poachers make and presents a methodology that can be replicated in other reserves.

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“…Although different interpretations of the literature as well as on the choice of techniques when implementing spatial econometrics lead to some differences in the results (Bivand and Piras 2015), results in Table 3 reveal no differences in the estimated coefficients and t statistics between MATLAB and R.…”

Section: Testing Spatial Autocorrelationmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Panel Data Toolbox for MATLAB

Álvarez¹,

Barbero²,

Zofío³

2017

J. Stat. Soft.

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Panel Data Toolbox is a new package for MATLAB that includes functions to estimate the main econometric methods of balanced and unbalanced panel data analysis. The package includes code for the standard fixed, between and random effects estimation methods, as well as for the existing instrumental panels and a wide array of spatial panels. A full set of relevant tests is also included. This paper describes the methodology and implementation of the functions and illustrates their use with well-known examples. We perform numerical checks against other popular commercial and free software to show the validity of the results.

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Comparing Implementations of Estimation Methods for Spatial Econometrics

Cited by 739 publications

References 45 publications

Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccination in California: A Spatial Analysis

Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccination in California: A Spatial Analysis

Understanding site selection of illegal border crossings into a fenced protected area: a rational choice approach

A Panel Data Toolbox for MATLAB

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