Comparing grey water versus tap water and coal ash versus perlite on growth of two plant species on green roofs

Agra, Har’el; Solodar, Ariel; Bawab, Omar; Levy, Shay; Kadas, Gyongyver J.; Blaustein, Leon; Greenbaum, Noam

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.291

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The soil was a mixture of potting soil and sandy soil typical to the study region and had a porosity value of 60 ± 2%. This is greater than that of pure sand and potting soil, which typically ranges between 35% and 49% [32,33] and 40% and 60% [34], respectively. This is a relatively high porosity, which aids in water transport and soil aeration.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Greywater and Mediamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This statement contradicts the findings of the previous study, which suggests that both greywater and tap water had no major impact on the plants' growth. This indicates that greywater can be a feasible substitute for irrigation in situations when there is a scarcity of freshwater [34]. However, in another study using greywater irrigation for food crops, a significant improvement in both plant development and agricultural productivity was found with greywater in comparison to the utilisation of tap water [36].…”

Section: Plant Morphological and Biomass Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Greywater as a Sustainable Source of Irrigation for Ornamental Crops in Green Walls—A Study of Plant and Soil Using Ruellia tuberosa

Anangadan,

Pradhan,

Saththasivam

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Green walls and roofs are sustainable building systems with several benefits. However, the irrigation requirements of these building systems conflict with water sustainability goals in water-scarce places. This study investigates using greywater directly to irrigate ornamental species for such situations by examining the effects of freshwater and greywater irrigation on Ruellia tuberosa growth, plant health and soil characteristics. Five replicates for each condition were grown for 91 days. Greywater irrigation led to a 15% higher plant growth height, a 31% higher plant biomass (p = 0.065), and a 71% increase in stem biomass (p < 0.001) compared to freshwater irrigation. However, greywater-irrigated plants had reduced chlorophyll content (10.7%, p < 0.001), and increased leaf chlorosis (p = 0.003), likely caused by stress from laundry and detergent chemicals. Greywater irrigation led to greater mineral content in greywater-irrigated plant biomass and soil for all minerals tested, most notably boron, which was deficient in the soil. Greywater-irrigated soil also had a higher organic content according to FTIR and electron dispersive spectroscopy. Greywater irrigation improved nutritional and soil conditions, including phosphate, which helped Ruellia tuberosa flourish. This study suggests raw greywater can replace freshwater in water-scarce climates for green wall irrigation instead of high-energy onsite greywater treatment systems.

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Section: Characteristics Of Greywater and Mediamentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Plant Morphological and Biomass Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Greywater as a Sustainable Source of Irrigation for Ornamental Crops in Green Walls—A Study of Plant and Soil Using Ruellia tuberosa

Anangadan,

Pradhan,

Saththasivam

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Using greywater for GR irrigation can have multiple benefits. Yet, there were no reported adverse effects on plants due to greywater for irrigation (Agra et al 2018 ). In a study for indicating the plants’ response to greywater irrigation, Yalcinalp et al ( 2019 ) compared two different greywater models and tap water for GR irrigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable green roofs: a comprehensive review of influential factors

Shahmohammad

Hosseinzadeh

Dvorak

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Green roofs have gained much attention as a modern roofing surface due to their potential to deliver many environmental and social benefits. Studies have indicated that different GR designs deliver different ecosystem services, and there are important factors that affect GR performance. This article reviewed significant factors that influence GR performance and sustainability. Substrate and drainage layer material choice significantly affects stormwater retention potential, leachate quality, plant survival, and determines GR environmental footprints. Subsequently, type of plants, their form, and kinds used on GRs impact GR ecosystem function. Leaf area is the most studied trait due to its influence on the cooling potential and energy performance. In order to achieve a sustainable GR, it is essential to select the type of plants that have a high survival rate. Perennial herbs, particularly forbs and grass as dominant groups, are heat and drought tolerant, which make them suitable in GR experiment. Furthermore, selecting a suitable irrigation system is as important as two other factors for having a sustainable GR. Irrigation is essential for plant survival, and due to the current pressure on valuable water sources, it is important to select a sustainable irrigation system. This review presents three sustainable irrigation methods: (i) employing alternative water sources such as rainwater, greywater, and atmospheric water; (ii) smart irrigation and monitoring; and (iii) using adaptive materials and additives that improve GR water use. This review sheds new insights on the design of high-performance, sustainable GRs and provides guidance for the legislation of sustainable GR.

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“…However, the use of freshwater for irrigating greenery in these regions has raised environmental concerns. Consequently, alternative water sources, such as saline water, grey water, and recycled stormwater runoff, have been explored for green roof irrigation [17][18][19]. In rare cases, seawater has also been proposed as an alternative source of green roof irrigation [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) Growing in Extensive Green Roof Systems to Saline Water Irrigation with Varying Leaching Fractions

Ntoulas,

Papaioannou,

Bertsouklis

et al. 2024

Land

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As urbanization intensifies environmental challenges in contemporary cities, widespread green roof installations emerge as a potential solution. This study explores irrigating tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) turfgrass with saline water in extensive green roof systems, aiming to conserve freshwater resources. The objectives include determining the period of saline water tolerance and identifying the leachate electrical conductivity threshold affecting tall fescue’s green coverage. This greenhouse study comprised 24 lysimeters equipped with extensive green roof layering. Treatments included three NaCl irrigation solutions with an electrical conductivity of 3 dS m−1, 6 dS m−1, and 9 dS m−1, while tap water served as the control. Additionally, irrigation treatments were applied at two different regimes, resulting in an average leaching fraction of 0.3 for the low irrigation regime and 0.5 for the high irrigation regime. Tall fescue’s tolerance to saline water was evaluated through the determination of green turf cover (GTC) as well as the clipping dry weight and the leachate electrical conductivity (ECL) draining from the lysimeters. It was found that tall fescue turfgrass growing in extensive green roof systems can tolerate irrigation with water of electrical conductivity up to 9 dS m−1 for extended periods, approximating three months, without GTC declining below 90%, provided that a minimum leaching of 30% is maintained. Furthermore, irrigating with water at 9 dS m−1 resulted in a 24.5% reduction in cumulative clipping dry weight over the four-month study period. The regression analysis between GTC and ECL highlighted a substantial decline in GTC when ECL surpassed the critical threshold of 12.5 dS m−1.

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Comparing grey water versus tap water and coal ash versus perlite on growth of two plant species on green roofs

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of Greywater as a Sustainable Source of Irrigation for Ornamental Crops in Green Walls—A Study of Plant and Soil Using Ruellia tuberosa

Evaluation of Greywater as a Sustainable Source of Irrigation for Ornamental Crops in Green Walls—A Study of Plant and Soil Using Ruellia tuberosa

Sustainable green roofs: a comprehensive review of influential factors

Tolerance of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) Growing in Extensive Green Roof Systems to Saline Water Irrigation with Varying Leaching Fractions

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