Comparing Clinical Characteristics Between Hospitalized Adults With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza A and B Virus Infection

“…Studies have shown controversial findings of clinical features in cases infected with A and B infections 21, 22, 23. In both paediatric and adult populations, patients with influenza B infection showed similar clinical features compared with influenza A 22, 24, 25, 26. Like influenza A, influenza B infection can lead to severe complications and death, in both children and adults 27, 28, 29.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of influenza B in Australia: 2001‐2014 influenza seasons

Moa

Muscatello

Turner

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundInfluenza B is characterised by two antigenic lineages: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata. These lineages circulate together with influenza A during influenza seasons, with varying incidence from year to year and by geographic region.ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiology of influenza B relative to influenza A in Australia.MethodsLaboratory‐confirmed influenza notifications between 2001 and 2014 in Australia were obtained from the Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.ResultsA total of 278 485 laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases were notified during the study period, comprising influenza A (82.2%), B (17.1%) and ‘other and untyped’ (0.7%). The proportion of notifications that were influenza B was highest in five‐ to nine‐year‐olds (27.5%) and lowest in persons aged 85 years and over (11.5%). Of all B notifications with lineage determined, 77.1% were B/Victoria and 22.9% were B/Yamagata infections. Mismatches between the dominant B lineage in a season and the trivalent vaccine B lineage occurred in over one‐third of seasons during the study years. In general, influenza B notifications peaked later than influenza A notifications.ConclusionThe proportion of circulating influenza B in Australia during 2001‐2014 was slightly lower than the global average and was dominated by B/Victoria. Compared with influenza A, influenza B infection was more common among older children and young adults and less common in the very elderly. Influenza B lineage mismatch with the trivalent vaccine occurred about one‐third of the time.

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“…This result is probably due to a new B strain in the vaccine and low immunogenicity of B 16,17 . The low immunogenicity of B is an important handicap of inactivated influenza vaccines because recent studies show that B is not less pathogenic than A 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical trial of intradermal and intramuscular seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with atopic dermatitis

Leung

Jepson

Beck

et al. 2017

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Background Antibody responses to the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been carefully characterized. Objective The primary objective of this study was to compare antibody responses to intradermal vaccination in participants with moderate/severe AD to non-atopic participants. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of route of administration, Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, and disease severity on vaccine response. Methods This was an open-label study conducted in the 2012–2013 influenza season at 5 US clinical sites. A total of 360 participants with moderate/severe AD or non-atopic were assessed for eligibility, of which 347 received intradermal or intramuscular vaccination per label and followed for 28 days post-vaccination. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of participants achieving seroprotection (hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody titer ≥ 1:40 on day 28 post-vaccination). Results Seroprotection rates for influenza B, H1N1, and H3N2 were not different (a) between AD participants and non-atopic participants receiving intradermal vaccination and (b) between AD participants receiving intradermal and intramuscular vaccination. Following intradermal –but not intramuscular – vaccination, AD participants with S. aureus colonization experienced (a) lower seroprotection and seroconversion rates and lower HAI titer geometric mean fold-increase against influenza B and (b) lower seroconversion rates against influenza H1N1 than non-colonized AD participants. Conclusion AD participants colonized with S. aureus exhibited a reduced immune response to influenza vaccination compared to non-colonized participants after intradermal, but not intramuscular, vaccination. Since most patients with AD are colonized with S. aureus, intramuscular influenza vaccination should be given preference in these patients.

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Comparing Clinical Characteristics Between Hospitalized Adults With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza A and B Virus Infection

Abstract: We challenge the notion that influenza B is milder than influenza A by finding similar clinical characteristics between hospitalized adult influenza-cases. Among patients treated with oseltamivir, length of stay and mortality did not differ by type of virus infection.

Cited by 115 publications

References 11 publications

Mycophenolic acid, an immunomodulator, has potent and broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity against pandemic, seasonal and avian influenza viruses affecting humans

Mycophenolic acid, an immunomodulator, has potent and broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity against pandemic, seasonal and avian influenza viruses affecting humans

Epidemiology of influenza B in Australia: 2001‐2014 influenza seasons

A clinical trial of intradermal and intramuscular seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with atopic dermatitis

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