Comparing bone tissue engineering efficacy of HDPSCs, HBMSCs on 3D biomimetic ABM-P-15 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) has been the gold standard for bone regeneration. However, the low proliferation rate and long doubling time limited its clinical applications. This study aims to compare the bone tissue engineering efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) with HBMSCs in 2D, and 3D anorganic bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15) for improving bone-forming speed and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The multipotential of both HDPSCs and HBMSCs have been compared in vitro. The bone formation of HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 was tested using in vivo model. The osteogenic potential of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers. Enhanced ALP, collagen, lipid droplet, or glycosaminoglycans production were visible in HDPSCs and HBMSCs after osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction. HDPSC showed stronger ALP staining compared to HBMSCs. Confocal images showed more viable HDPSCs on both ABM-P-15 and ABM scaffolds compared to HBMSCs on similar scaffolds. ABM-P-15 enhanced cell attachment/spreading/bridging formation on ABM-P-15 scaffolds and significantly increased quantitative ALP specific activities of the HDPSCs and HBMSCs. After 8 weeks in vivo implantation in diffusion chamber model, the HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed extensive high organised collagenous matrix formation that was positive for COL-I and OCN compared to ABM alone. In conclusion, the HDPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity, which indicated the potential of combining HDPSCs with ABM-P-15 scaffolds for improving bone regeneration speed and efficacy.

Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

“…ABM-P-15 promoted DPSCs’ osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix formation. DPSCs seeded on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed the better formation of an organized collagenous matrix compared to ABM alone in vivo [ 93 ].…”

Evaluating the efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells and scaffold combination for bone regeneration in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Due to the lack of quantitative data such as for osteogenic marker expression [13,25,30,32,41,42,46,48,49,[53][54][55]58] and new bone formation [33], lack of 'scaffold-only negative control' data [11,45,50,60], missing SD/SEM [38,40] and less than 2 articles for each outcome measure [35,36], only 27 articles out of 49 were qualified in the meta-analysis. Detailed reasons of why 22 articles were excluded from the meta-analyses can be found in Additional file 3.…”

Application of dental stem cells in three-dimensional tissue regeneration

“…Most DPSC studies have focused on dental pulp and bone tissue regeneration. Compared to bone marrow stem cells, DPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity when seeded in a scaffold of bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15), even generating a more organized collagenous matrix 8 wk after in vivo implantation[ 13 ]. Moreover, different gene expression patterns have been found in the transcriptome profiles of DPSCs compared to those of bone marrow stem cells, indicating unique gene expression patterns within DPSCs[ 14 ].…”