Comparing approaches for numerical modelling of tsunami generation by deformable submarine slides

Smith, R. C.; Collins, G. S.; Piggott, Matthew D.; Kramer, Stephan C.; Parkinson, S.; Wilson, C. R.

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.007

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Models like those used by Smith et al . () or Abadie et al . () that reproduce deformable slides may provide more insight into the properties of a submarine slide‐generated tsunami, but are computationally challenging to perform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…More sophisticated slide models may be required to replicate the details of the tsunami which may focus waves on particular areas. Models like those used by Smith et al (2016) or Abadie et al (2012) that reproduce deformable slides may provide more insight into the properties of a submarine slide-generated tsunami, but are computationally challenging to perform. However, a more likely cause for the differences in estimated run-up may be due to how tsunami wave behaviour is modelled in nearshore areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconciling Storegga tsunami sedimentation patterns with modelled wave heights: A discussion from the Shetland Isles field laboratory

Dawson

Bondevik

et al. 2019

Sedimentology

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The Shetland Isles represent an ideal field laboratory for tsunami geoscience research. This is due to the widespread preservation of Holocene tsunami sediments in coastal peat deposits. This study uses published accounts of the Holocene Storegga Slide tsunami to illustrate how two different approaches – mapping of tsunami sediments and numerical modelling – produce radically different run‐up heights. The Storegga Slide is one of the world largest submarine slides and took place ca 8150 cal yr bp on the continental slope west of Norway. The tsunami generated by the landslide deposited locally extensive sheets of marine sand and gravel, as well as redeposited clasts of peat across the contemporary land surface. These sediment accumulations have subsequently been buried by peat growth during the Holocene while exposures of the deposits are locally visible in coastal cliff sections. In several areas, the tsunami sediments can be traced upslope and inland within the peat as tapering sediment wedges up to maximum altitudes of between ca 8·1 m and 11·8 m above present sea level. Since reconstructions of palaeo‐sea level for Shetland for ca 8150 cal yr bp suggest an altitude of 20 m below high tide on the day that the tsunami struck, it has been inferred that the minimum tsunami run‐up was locally between 28·1 m (8·1 + 20 m) and 31·8 m (11·8 + 20 m). However, numerical models of the tsunami for Shetland suggest that the wave height may only have reached a highest altitude in the order of +13 m above sea level on the day the tsunami took place. In this paper a description is given of the sedimentary evidence for tsunami run‐up in the Shetland Isles. This is followed by an evaluation of where the palaeo‐sea level was located when the tsunami occurred. Significant differences are highlighted in tsunami inundation estimates between those based on the observed (geological) data and the theoretically‐modelled calculations. This example from the Shetland Isles may have global significance since it exemplifies how two different approaches to the reconstruction of tsunami inundation at the coast can produce radically different results with modelled wave height at the coast being considerably less than the geological estimates of tsunami run‐up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Storegga tsunami sedimentation patterns with modelled wave heights: A discussion from the Shetland Isles field laboratory

Dawson

Bondevik

et al. 2019

Sedimentology

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“…They selected a Bingham fluid model with rheological parameters of ρ=1950 kg m −3 , μ=0 Pa s and τ Y =1000 Pa and an artificial diffusivity term. Figure A,B shows the results of our simulations at 0.4 and 0.8 seconds respectively, compared with the experimental results and those of two other modeling studies . Reference used the computational fluid dynamics finite element code Fluidity, and modeled the slide as a Newtonian fluid with a viscosity of 10 Pa s. Reference used NHWAVE, which represented the slide as a turbulent fluid “without rheology,” and with turbulent viscosity calculated by the k − ϵ model.…”

Section: Wave Generation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from our SPH simulator using both Newtonian and Bingham fluid models for the landslide. Also shown are experimental data from Reference and modeling results using NHWAVE and Fluidity [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Wave Generation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements to a smooth particle hydrodynamics simulator for investigating submarine landslide generated waves

Snelling

Collins

Piggott

et al. 2020

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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Submarine landslides can exhibit complex rheologies, including a finite yield stress and shear thinning, yet are often simulated numerically using a Newtonian fluid rheology and simplistic boundary conditions. Here we present improvements made to a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulator to allow the accurate simulation of submarine landslide generated waves. The improvements include the addition of Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley rheologies, which better simulate the behavior of submarine mudflows. The interaction between the base of the slide and the slope is represented more accurately through the use of a viscous stress boundary condition. This condition treats the interface between the seafloor and the slide as a fluid boundary layer with a user-defined viscosity and length scale. Modifications to the pressure and density calculations are described that improve their stability for landslide generated wave scenarios.An option for pressure decomposition is introduced to prevent particle locking under high pressure. This facilitates the application of this simulator to landslide scenarios beneath significant water depths. Additional modifications to the reaveraging and renormalization routines improve the stability of the free surface and fluid density. We present the mathematical formulations of these improvements alongside commentary on their performance and applicability to landslide generated wave modeling. The modifications are verified against analytical fluid flow solutions and a wave generation experiment. K E Y W O R D Slandslide, rheology, smoothed particle hydrodynamics, tsunami 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/fld Int J Numer Meth Fluids. 2020;92:744-764.

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“…Subsequently, there has been a large amount of physical and numerical modelling work devoted to studying tsunamis generated by submarine landslides (e.g. Heinrich 1992;, 2001Watts 2000;Tinti et al 2001;Ward 2001;Grilli et al 2002;Lynett & Liu 2002;Enet et al 2003;Watts et al 2003Watts et al , 2005Locat et al 2004;Enet & Grilli 2005, 2007Fine et al 2005;Haugen et al 2005;Liu et al 2005;Abadie et al 2012;Ma et al 2013Ma et al , 2015Løvholt et al 2015;Smith et al 2016).…”

Section: Colour Online/ Mono Hardcopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of geologists and geology in tsunami science and tsunami hazard

Tappin

2017

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Up until the late 1980s geology contributed very little to the study of tsunamis because most were generated by earthquakes which were mainly the domain of seismologists. In 1987-88 however, sediments deposited as tsunamis flooded land were discovered. Subsequently they began to be widely used to identify prehistorical tsunami events, providing a longer-term record than previously available from historical accounts. The sediments offered an opportunity to better define tsunami frequency that could underpin improved risk assessment. When over 2200 people died from a catastrophic tsunami in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 1998, and a submarine landslide was controversially proven to be the mechanism, marine geologists provided the leadership that led to the identification of this previously unrecognized danger. The catastrophic tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004 confirmed the critical importance of sedimentological research in understanding tsunamis. In 2011, the Japan earthquake and tsunami further confirmed the importance of both sediments in tsunami hazard mitigation and the dangers from seabed sediment failures in tsunami generation. Here we recount the history of geological involvement in tsunami science and its importance in advancing understanding of the extent, magnitude and nature of the hazard from tsunamis.

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Comparing approaches for numerical modelling of tsunami generation by deformable submarine slides

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Reconciling Storegga tsunami sedimentation patterns with modelled wave heights: A discussion from the Shetland Isles field laboratory

Reconciling Storegga tsunami sedimentation patterns with modelled wave heights: A discussion from the Shetland Isles field laboratory

Improvements to a smooth particle hydrodynamics simulator for investigating submarine landslide generated waves

The importance of geologists and geology in tsunami science and tsunami hazard

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