Comparing application layer protocols for the Internet of Things via experimentation

Mijovic, Stefan; Shehu, Erion; Buratti, Chiara

doi:10.1109/rtsi.2016.7740559

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, it is worth noting that higher levels of MQTT quality impose much higher overhead, because with higher MQTT quality there is the need to acknowledge messages published to the broker; moreover, in case a message dispatch to a subscriber fails, it is mandatory to maintain messages and try to deliver them again. In other words, while the adoption of higher quality levels ensures better message delivery at a per-packet point of view, it increases non-negligibly the overall overhead at the same time, by possibly reducing overall scalability, as also identified by [17]. Figure 8 reports receiver throughput in terms of msg/s while increasing sender throughput.…”

Section: Performance Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The PeRvasive Environment Sensing and Sharing Solution

2017

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Abstract:To stimulate better user behavior and improve environmental and economic sustainability, it is of paramount importance to make citizens effectively aware of the quality of the environment in which they live every day. In particular, we claim that users could significantly benefit from cost-effective efficient Internet-of-Things (IoT) solutions that provide them with up-to-date live information about air pollution in the areas where they live, suitably adapted to different situations and with different levels of dynamically selected granularities (e.g., at home/district/city levels). Our PeRvasive Environment Sensing and Sharing (PRESS) project has the ambition of increasing users' awareness of the natural environment they live in, as a first step towards improved sustainability; the primary target is the efficient provisioning of real-time user-centric information about environmental conditions in the surroundings, and in particular about air pollution. To this purpose, we have designed, implemented, and thoroughly evaluated the PRESS framework, which is capable of achieving good flexibility and scalability while integrating heterogeneous monitoring data, ranging from sensed air pollution to user-provided quality perceptions. Among the elements of technical originality, PRESS exploits extended Kura IoT gateways with novel congestion detection and recovery mechanisms that allow us to optimize bandwidth allocation between in-the-field PRESS components and the cloud. The reported performance results show the feasibility of the proposed solution, by pointing out not only the scalability and efficiency of the adopted message-based solution that uses Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and WebSockets, but also the capability of PRESS to quickly identify and manage traffic congestions, thus, ensuring good quality levels to final users.

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Section: Performance Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The PeRvasive Environment Sensing and Sharing Solution

2017

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“…actual information sent over the network) and the total number of bytes exchanged, also called protocol efficiency in [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these papers, authors present MQTT, XMPP, CoAP, AMQP, HTTP and WebSockets in the context of IoT. In [4], authors conduct experiments to compare MQTT, WebSocket and CoAP performances on LAN, ISP and cellular network. In a scenario similar to a real network, they compared average RTT and they concluded that changing from LAN to an IoT network does not trigger a fall of a protocol's efficiency.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The client validates the server certificate during the handshake phase, when it verifies its identity to authenticate it. Client certificates can also be used; the broker can authenticate the client that requests the connection 4 . In an extended network, a poor MQTT application design may be easily prone to harmful messages injection into the network.…”

Section: Mqttmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Evaluation of Application Layer Protocols for the Internet of Things

Năstase¹,

Sandu²,

Nirvana³

2017

STUD INFORM CONTROL

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Abstract:The Internet of Things is envisaged to interconnect billions of devices, from sensors and actuators to smart objects, computers and vehicles. The main obstacle that arises is that technology should allow physical objects, usually constrained devices, to interact with applications. Therefore, already existing technologies and patterns should be adapted to the new requirements, or novel ones must be created. In this context, the application layer protocols play an important part in orchestrating an IoT network. This paper focuses on the comparison of different protocols by carrying out experiments and prototyping a real-world interaction between IoT network actors.

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“…Specifically, the user cannot modify most of the parts within a Cloud based architecture, which appears as "black box". There are two methods for the estimation of the overall delay and its sub-components: simulations can be done as described in [16,17], or experiments can be setup as in [18,19]. However, it has to be highlighted that simulations offer the possibility to finely control the impact of varying the Electronics 2018, 7, 109 5 of 14 quantity of interest but they can suffer from over simplified models, that do not accurately represent real-world scenarios.…”

Section: The Proposed Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Quality of Service on Cloud Based Industrial IoT Applications with OPC UA

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is becoming a reality thanks to Industry 4.0, which requires the Internet connection of as many industrial devices as possible. The sharing and storing of a huge amount of data in the Cloud allows the implementation of new analysis algorithms and the delivery of new "services" with added value. From an economical point of view, several factors can decide the success of Industry 4.0 new services but, among others, the "short latency" can be one of the most interesting, especially in the industrial market that is used to the "real-time" concept. For these reasons, this work proposes an experimental methodology to investigate the impact of quality of service parameters on the communication delay from the production line to the Cloud and vice versa, when gateways with OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) are used for accessing data directly in the production line. In this work, the feasibility of the proposed test methodology has been demonstrated by means of a use case with a Siemens S7 1500 controller exchanging data with the IBM Bluemix platform. The experimental results show that, thanks to the proposed method, the solutions based on OPC UA for the implementation of industrial IoT gateways can be easily evaluated, compared and optimized. For instance, during the 14-day observation period of the considered use case, the great impact on performance of the Quality of Service parameters emerged. Indeed, the average communication delay from the production line to the Cloud may vary from less than 90 ms to about 300 ms.

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Comparing application layer protocols for the Internet of Things via experimentation

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

The PeRvasive Environment Sensing and Sharing Solution

The PeRvasive Environment Sensing and Sharing Solution

An Experimental Evaluation of Application Layer Protocols for the Internet of Things

Impact of Quality of Service on Cloud Based Industrial IoT Applications with OPC UA

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