Comparing and Evaluating Real Time Character Engines for Virtual Environments

Gillies, Marco; Spanlang, Bernhard

doi:10.1162/pres.19.2.95

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The skeletal motion data was then mapped so that the Avatar posture matched that of our participant to a good degree. The software used was XVR for the overall virtual reality system (Tecchia, et al, 2010), and HALCA for the character animation (Gillies & Spanlang, 2010).…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias

Peck

Seinfeld

Aglioti

et al. 2013

Consciousness and Cognition

687

568

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Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias

Peck

Seinfeld

Aglioti

et al. 2013

Consciousness and Cognition

687

568

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“…Head tracking was by a 6-DOF Intersense IS-900 device. The virtual environment was programmed in the XVR system (Tecchia et al, 2010) and the virtual character rendered using the HALCA library (Gillies and Spanlang, 2010).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A threat to a virtual hand elicits motor cortex activation

et al. 2013

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We report an ex periment where participants observed an attack on their virtual body as ex perienced in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) system. Participants sat by a table with their right hand resting upon it. In IVR they saw a virtual table that was registered with the real one, and they had a virtual body that substituted their real body seen from a first person perspective. The virtual right hand was collocated with their real right hand. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in two conditions, one where the participant's virtual hand was attacked with a knife and a control condition where the knife only struck the virtual table. Significantly greater P450 potentials were obtained in the attack condition confirming our ex pectations that participants had a strong illusion of the virtual hand being their own, which was also strongly supported by questionnaire responses. Higher levels of subjective virtual hand ownership correlate with larger P450 amplitudes. Mu-rhythm Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) in the motor cortex , and Readiness Potential (C3-C4) negativity were clearly observed when the virtual hand was threatened -as would be ex pected if the real hand was threatened and the participant tried to avoid harm. Our results support the idea that eventrelated potentials (ERPs) may provide a promising non-subjective measure of virtual embodiment. They also support previous ex periments on pain observation and are placed into contex t of similar ex periments and studies of body-perception and body-ownership within cognitive neuroscience.

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“…The software environment was XVR [3], and the virtual character was displayed using a hardware accelerated avatar library [8]. Inverse kinematics was implemented using the hand position data from infrared tracking (12 camera OptiTrack) and the head position data from an Intersense 900.…”

Section: Equipment and Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of real-time mirror reflections of motor actions on virtual body ownership in an immersive virtual environment

González-Franco

Pérez-Marcos

Spanlang

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR)

Self Cite

196

122

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This paper reports an experiment that investigated people's body ownership of an avatar that was observed in a virtual mirror. Twenty subjects were recruited in a within-groups study where 10 first experienced a virtual character that synchronously reflected their upper-body movements as seen in a virtual mirror, and then an asynchronous condition where the mirror avatar displayed prerecorded actions, unrelated to those of the participant. The other 10 subjects experienced the conditions in the opposite order. In both conditions the participant could carry out actions that led to elevation above ground level, as seen from their first person perspective and correspondingly in the mirror. A rotating virtual fan eventually descended to 2m above the ground. The hypothesis was that synchronous mirror reflection would result in higher subjective sense of ownership. A questionnaire analysis showed that the body ownership illusion was significantly greater for the synchronous than asynchronous condition. Additionally participants in the synchronous condition avoided collision with the descending fan significantly more often than those in the asynchronous condition. The results of this experiment are put into context within similar experiments on multisensory correlation and body ownership within cognitive neuroscience.

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Comparing and Evaluating Real Time Character Engines for Virtual Environments

Cited by 62 publications

References 45 publications

Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias

Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias

A threat to a virtual hand elicits motor cortex activation

The contribution of real-time mirror reflections of motor actions on virtual body ownership in an immersive virtual environment

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