Comparing an Immediate Cessation Versus Reduction Approach to Smokeless Tobacco Cessation

Schiller, Katherine R.; Luo, Xianghua; Anderson, Alvin G.; Jensen, Joni; Allen, Sharon; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr302

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Only data collected during baseline from each study were used in the analysis. Studies 1 -5 have been described elsewhere ( Ebbert, Edmonds, Luo, Jensen, & Hatsukami, 2010 ;Hatsukami et al, 2007Hatsukami et al, , 2008Hatsukami et al, , 2004Schiller, Luo, Anderson, Jensen, & Hatsukami, 2012 ). Briefl y, Studies 1 -4 recruited adult (18-to 70 -year -old) ST users who were interested in reducing use but not quitting in the next 90 days; Study 1 only recruited those who were using Copenhagen or Kodiak Wintergreen brand ST products.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavored and Nonflavored Smokeless Tobacco Products: Rate, Pattern of Use, and Effects

Oliver

Jensen

Vogel

et al. 2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavored and Nonflavored Smokeless Tobacco Products: Rate, Pattern of Use, and Effects

Oliver

Jensen

Vogel

et al. 2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Only one study of behavioral pathways to abstinence among substance users was found in the literature to date, conducted with a population of smokeless tobacco users with no immediate plans to quit (Schiller et al, 2012), and compared the efficacy of an immediate quit strategy to gradual reduction of use to a quit date. Participants were randomized to immediate cessation or to a reduction condition (choice of nicotine lozenge or brand switching to help them reduce their use or levels of nicotine exposure, with a quit date of six weeks after study onset).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in pathways to abstinence among women in treatment for alcohol use disorder

Holzhauer

Epstein

Cohn

et al. 2017

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Background Although many providers recommend alcohol abstinence as an initial step in the treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUD), there is a scarcity of research on specific behavioral strategies to achieve this step. The current study examined efficacy of a unique abstinence planning intervention for alcohol in a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outpatient protocol. Design 128 women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of CBT for AUD at a university-based clinic comprised the sample. Measurements Session 1 manual-guided interventions included an abstinence planning discussion in which each woman chose a specific plan for achieving initial abstinence in collaboration with her therapist. Drinking data were collected via participant logs during the 16 week within-treatment period and via Timeline Follow-Back interview at 12 month follow-up. Findings For 32.8% (n=42) of women who stopped drinking during the pre-treatment assessment period, their abstinence plan was to maintain abstinence (MA). 18.0% (n=23) of women chose a “cold turkey” approach (CT, abrupt cessation without medical assistance), and 46.1% (n=59) chose a “winding down” approach (WD, systematic reduction of drinking toward a specified quit date). Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analyses showed that type of abstinence plan chosen was differentially associated with percent days drinking (PDD) in later treatment (weeks 7–16) (p < .01) and during 12 month follow-up (p < .01). Women in the WD group had the highest PDD for both time frames and women in the CT group drank more frequently during later treatment compared to those in the MA group. The association between plan and PDD during follow-up was moderated by early treatment PDD (weeks 1–7; p < .01), such that women in the MA and WD groups had lower follow-up PDD if they were able to decrease their drinking during early treatment. Conclusions Women who were maintaining abstinence at treatment entry or had planned to stop using alcohol abruptly (i.e., “cold turkey”) after starting treatment had better overall drinking outcomes than those who chose to wind down. A plan to wind-down drinking appeared to be the most appealing option to women in the study and, among those who were able to successfully execute this winding down approach, was related to positive long-term drinking outcomes.

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“…6,7,21 Two studies statistically assessed the relationship between flavored tobacco use and age by examining age as a dichotomous variable. 7,18 Villanti et al 7 found that younger age (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) was significantly associated with flavored tobacco use when compared with older age (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), while Vander Weg et al 18 found no relationship between younger age (<20 years old) and flavored tobacco use when compared with older age (≥20 years old). This inconsistency may be due to the different samples (a nationally representative sample vs. military recruits, who may be more inclined toward tobacco than the general population).…”

Section: Flavored Tobacco Use and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23 Two studies examined other measures related to flavored tobacco use and age. 19,20 Oliver et al combined data from five previously conducted treatment or switching studies [24][25][26][27][28] and found no significant differences between current flavored and nonflavored smokeless tobacco users with regard to their mean age of first dip or mean age of daily/regular use. 20 Soldz et al 19 found that the mean age of initiation for current kretek users was significantly higher than that for cigarettes and cigars, and there was no significant difference in mean age of initiation when compared to bidis.…”

Section: Flavored Tobacco Use and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act

Luke¹,

Ribisl

Smith³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Objectives: We systematically reviewed research examining use of and attitudes toward nonmenthol-flavored tobacco products to provide information relevant to a decision to regulate these products in the future. Methods: To identify eligible studies, we searched PubMed, CINHAL, Embase, LILACS, and PsycINFO on September 19, 2013, without date restrictions. We obtained additional studies via gray literature searches, expert contacts, and hand-searching citations of included articles. We included participants of all ages. We conducted a qualitative synthesis for included studies. Results: The 32 studies included in this review exhibited substantial heterogeneity and were of varied methodological quality. Findings from observational, experimental, and quasiexperimental studies suggest that flavored tobacco use is associated with young age and that consumers may perceive flavored products more favorably than nonflavored products. Evidence from qualitative studies indicates that flavoring in tobacco is viewed favorably by users and nonusers of these products. Conclusions: The Food and Drug Administration has expressed interest in regulating flavored tobacco products. This systematic review strengthens the evidence base relating to this issue by synthesizing the literature from the United States on the use of and attitudes toward flavored tobacco. To address gaps in the literature, more research is needed to understand how flavoring impacts tobacco use over time. The evidence base would further be strengthened with the collection of brand-, flavor-, and product-specific data.

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Comparing an Immediate Cessation Versus Reduction Approach to Smokeless Tobacco Cessation

Abstract: Our study demonstrated that immediate cessation with an established quit date resulted in greater cessation success than a gradual reduction approach among ST users who do not have an immediate quit plan but are motivated to quit.

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Flavored and Nonflavored Smokeless Tobacco Products: Rate, Pattern of Use, and Effects

Flavored and Nonflavored Smokeless Tobacco Products: Rate, Pattern of Use, and Effects

Heterogeneity in pathways to abstinence among women in treatment for alcohol use disorder

Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act

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