Comparing Advanced Treatment Approaches for a Large-Scale Potable Reuse Project in Southeastern Virginia

Biofilms in Full-Scale Drinking Water Ozone Contactors Contribute Viable Bacteria to Ozonated Water

“…Ozone, a strong oxidant, is widely used for water treatment as it inactivates microbial pathogens, decomposes natural organic matter (NOM), removes taste-, odor-, and color-causing compounds, , oxidizes inorganic contaminants, , and improves clarification and filtration by inducing formation of precipitates or through reducing the stabilizing effects of NOM . Wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and water reuse plants have increasingly been including ozonation in their treatment trains to achieve contaminant removal. − Ozone’s use has increased in some European countries for tertiary treatment of micropollutants in wastewater, in North America for drinking water treatment where ozone application followed by biofiltration has increased 10-fold from 1993 to 2013, and in several water scarce regions of the world where ozone combined with biofiltration has been explored as an alternative to reverse osmosis for direct or indirect potable reuse (e.g., in Virginia, Australia, and California).…”

“…6 Wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and water reuse plants have increasingly been including ozonation in their treatment trains to achieve contaminant removal. 7−12 Ozone's use has increased in some European countries for tertiary treatment of micropollutants in wastewater, 13 in North America for drinking water treatment where ozone application followed by biofiltration has increased 10-fold from 1993 to 2013, 14 and in several water scarce regions of the world where ozone combined with biofiltration has been explored as an alternative to reverse osmosis for direct or indirect potable reuse (e.g., in Virginia, 15 Australia, 7 and California 16 ).…”