Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Jensen, Erik Steen

doi:10.1007/bf00010991

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Bodil) and spring barley (H. vulgare L., 15 cv. Golf) residues labelled with N were produced in large pots containing quartz sand (Jensen 1996). Plants were harvested at maturity and the residues consistent of pea straw (70%) and empty pods (30%) and barley straw (70%) and awns (30%).…”

Section: Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of15N-labelled pea and barley residues

Jensen¹

1997

Biol Fert Soils

107

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The immobilization and mineralization of N following plant residue incorporation were studied in a sandy loam soil using 15N-labelled field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw. Both crop residues caused a net immobilization of soil-derived inorganic N during the complete incubation period of 84 days. The maximum rate of N immobilization was found to 12 and 18 mg soil-derived N g-i added C after incorporation of pea and barley residues, respectively. After 7 days of incubation, 21% of the pea and 17% of the barley residue N were assimilated by the soil microbial biomass. A comparison of the 15N enrichments of the soil organic N and the newly formed biomass N pools indicated that either residue N may have been assimilated directly by the microbial biomass without entering the soil inorganic N pool or the biomass had a higher preference for mineralized ammonium than for soil-derived nitrate already present in the soil. In the barley residue treatment, the microbial biomass N was apparently stabilized to a higher degree than the biomass N in the pea residue treatment, which declined during the incubation period. This was probably due to Ndeficiency delaying the decomposition of the barley residue. The net mineralization of residue-derived N was 2% in the barley and 22% in the pea residue treatment after 84 days of incubation. The results demonstrated that even if crop residues have a :relative low C/N ratio (15), transient immobilization of soil N in the microbial biomass may contribute to improved conservation of soil N sources.

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Section: Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of15N-labelled pea and barley residues

Jensen¹

1997

Biol Fert Soils

107

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“…The general belief that grain legumes in a rotation increase nitrate leaching may be because: (1) several grain legume crops have weak root systems, (2) legumes are able to fix N symbiotically from the atmosphere and thus have less requirement for soil N and (3) legumes in general have a high N concentration in the tissues (Jensen 1994a;1996c;Stevenson and van Kessel 1996). However, N is the most limiting nutrient in many agricultural plant production systems (Atkinson et al 2005) and the key challenge is to match the rate and timing of N supply to crop demand for N (Crews and Peoples 2004;Jensen 1996a; Thomsen and Christensen 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrogen dynamics following grain legumes and subsequent catch crops and the effects on succeeding cereal crops

Hauggaard-Nielsen

Mundus

Jensen

2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The effects of faba bean, lupin, pea and oat crops, with and without an undersown grassclover mixture as a nitrogen (N) catch crop, on subsequent spring wheat followed by winter triticale crops were determined by aboveground dry matter (DM) harvests, nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching measurements and soil N balances. A 2-year lysimeter experiment was carried out on a temperate sandy loam soil. Crops were not fertilized in the experimental period and the natural 15 N abundance technique was used to determine grain legume N 2 fixation. Faba bean total aboveground DM production was significantly higher (1,300 g m -2 ) compared to lupin (950 g m -2 ), pea (850 g m -2 ) and oat (1,100 g m -2 ) independent of the catch crop strategy. Faba bean derived more than 90% of its N from N 2 fixation, which was unusually high as compared to lupin (70-75%) and pea (50-60%). No effect of preceding crop was observed on the subsequent spring wheat or winter triticale DM production. Nitrate leaching following grain legumes was significantly reduced with catch crops compared to without catch crops during autumn and winter before sowing subsequent spring wheat. Soil N balances were calculated from monitored N leaching from the lysimeters, and measured N-accumulation from the leguminous species, as N-fixation minus N removed in grains including total N accumulation belowground according to Mayer et al. (2003a). Negative soil N balances for pea, lupin and oat indicated soil N depletion, but a positive faba bean soil N balance (11 g N m -2 ) after harvest indicated that more soil mineral N may have been available for subsequent cereals. However, the plant available N may have been taken up by the grass dominated grass-clover catch crop which together with microbial N immobilization and N losses could leave limited amounts of available N for uptake by the subsequent two cereal crops.

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“…Residue quality and environmental conditions regulate the rate and pattern of N release by soil organisms. Residue N concentration is usually positively correlated with net N mineralization (Jensen 1996), and C:N ratio is negatively correlated with net N mineralization (Kumar and Goh 2003). Lignin and polyphenol con-centrations (or lignin:N and polyphenol:N ratios) are negatively correlated with net N mineralization (Trinsoutrot et al 2000;Kumar and Goh 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen release during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage

Lupwayi¹,

Clayton²,

O’Donovan³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2006. Nitrogen release during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 11-19. The litter-bag method was used in field experiments to determine nitrogen (N) loss patterns from decomposing red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and monoculture wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues under conventional and zero tillage. Nitrogen contained in crop residues ranged from 10 kg ha -1 in wheat under both tillage systems to 115 kg ha -1 in clover GM under zero tillage. The patterns of N loss (i.e., release), particularly from GM residues, over 52-wk periods varied with tillage, i.e., residues lost N more rapidly under conventional tillage than under zero tillage in the first 5 to 10 wk after residue placement. Net N immobilization was sometimes observed, particularly under zero tillage. Where net N release occurred, it ranged from 22% of wheat N under conventional tillage to 71% for clover N under conventional tillage; it was positively correlated with residue N concentration and microbial activity, and negatively correlated with C:N and lignin:N ratios in one study period. The amounts of N released were 2 kg ha -1 from wheat, 10 to 25 kg ha -1 from canola, 4 to 18 kg ha -1 from pea, and 46 to 69 kg ha -1 from GM residues. Therefore, when grain is harvested, the remaining crop residues do not release much N to the soil in the first year of decomposition, but the N stored in soil is presumably released in subsequent years.

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Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of15N-labelled pea and barley residues

Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of15N-labelled pea and barley residues

Nitrogen dynamics following grain legumes and subsequent catch crops and the effects on succeeding cereal crops

Nitrogen release during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage

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