Comparative virulence and competition between Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Milbrath, Meghan O.; Tran, Toan Van; Huang, Wei Fong; Solter, Leellen F.; Tarpy, David R.; Lawrence, Frank R.; Huang, Zachary Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2014.12.006

Cited by 74 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…mellificae was significantly higher than that of those that received C. mellificae alone and that of the control worker bees (Kaplan-Meier Long-Rank test, p<0.001). Conversely, the survival of the control and the C. mellificae infected bees was significantly higher than that of the references tion with N. ceranae is consistent with that seen previously (reviewed by Higes et al, 2013;Williams et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2015;Milbrath et al, 2015), confirming that bees infected with N. ceranae have a shorter life expectancy than uninfected bees. The incubation temperature used may explain the distinct evolution in the survival of infected honey bees relative to other laboratory experiments performed in our laboratory (Martín-Hernandez et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Short communication: Survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with Crithidia mellificae (Langridge and McGhee: ATCC® 30254™) in the presence of Nosema ceranae

Higes

Rodríguez‐García

Gómez‐Moracho

et al. 2016

Span. j. agric. res.

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Crithidia mellificae, a trypanosomatid parasite of Apis mellifera, has been proposed to be one of the pathogens responsible for the serious honey bee colony losses produced worldwide in the last decade, either alone or in association with Nosema ceranae. Since this pathogenic effect contradicts the results of the experimental infections originally performed by Langridge and McGhee nearly 40 years ago, we investigated the potential linkage of this protozoan with colony decline under laboratory conditions. Nosema-free and trypanosomatid-free honey bees from three different colonies were experimentally infected with fresh C. mellificae spheroid forms (reference strain ATCC30254), with N. ceranae fresh spores and with both parasites at the same time. Replicate cages were kept at 27 °C and used to analyse survival. C. mellificae spheroid forms did not reduce significantly the survival of the worker bees (64.5% at 30 days post-infection vs. 77.8% for the uninfected bees used as controls; differences were non statistically significant) under these experimental conditions. In contrast, the cages infected with N. ceranae exhibited higher rates of mortality from the 20th day post-infection onwards, irrespective of the presence of C. mellificae, suggesting that the spheroid forms of the latter have no pathological effect on A. mellifera.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Short communication: Survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with Crithidia mellificae (Langridge and McGhee: ATCC® 30254™) in the presence of Nosema ceranae

Higes

Rodríguez‐García

Gómez‐Moracho

et al. 2016

Span. j. agric. res.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Paxton et al (2007), Martín-Hernández et al (2011) and Williams et al (2014) found that N. ceranae induced higher mortality than N. apis , but this was not confirmed by Forsgren and Fries (2010), Huang et al (2015) or Milbrath et al (2015), who found the two Microsporidia species to induce similar mortality. The experiments by Forsgren and Fries (2010) and Milbrath et al (2015) were not designed focusing on host mortality, and authors did not comment in detail on the lack of differences in host mortality induced by the two Microsporidia. Huang et al (2015), on the other hand, explicitly tested for differences in virulence; they hypothesised that adaptation of A. mellifera to N. ceranae may have already occurred in North America (but not in Europe), which could explain why North American honey bees exhibit similar mortality to N. apis and N. ceranae , in contrast to Europe, where N. ceranae seems to be more virulent than N. apis (Paxton et al 2007;Martín-Hernández et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

European isolates of the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae have similar virulence in laboratory tests on European worker honey bees

2015

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-Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are gut parasites that infect western honey bees (Apis mellifera ) worldwide. N. ceranae is an exotic infectious disease agent of A. mellifera , having been originally described in the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana ), while N. apis is native to the western honey bee. To better understand the dynamics and epidemiology of the two pathogens, we examined the impact of European isolates of both Microsporidia on the longevity of European A. mellifera in a controlled laboratory experiment. N. ceranae caused slightly higher host mortality compared to N. apis , but differences in virulence were subtle and non-significant. Variation across published studies may reflect geographic differences in the coadaptation of hosts and parasites and seasonal differences in host susceptibility.Apis mellifera / Microsporidia / host / parasite / survival

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“…Bees die within 8 days after experimental exposure to N. ceranae under laboratory conditions [7]. However, in mixed infections (N. apis and N. ceranae), no competitive advantage was affi rmed for N. ceranae for either infectivity or spore growth [8,9]. The symptoms of N. ceranae infections in bee colonies are visible throughout the year, whereas the disease spread by N. apis disappears in the warm months of the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Treatments of Nosema Spp. Infection by the Hemocytometric Method and Duplex Pcr

Michalczyk¹,

Sokół²,

Koziatek³

2016

Acta Veterinaria

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Recent years have witnessed an increase in the mortality of honey bees in many regions of the world. The observed decrease in the bee population results from a combination of factors, and microsporidian parasites Nosema apis and N. ceranae are among the main contributors. Those parasites cause a microsporidian infection that shortens the lifespan of bees and reduces the productivity of bee colonies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Nozevit, Api Herb and ApiX (acetylsalicylic acid + Artemisia absinthium L. extract) in the control of infections caused by Nosema spp. in a fi eld experiment. Two groups of worker bees were evaluated -hive bees and forager bees returning to the hive. The effect of the analyzed therapies on the number of spores and the microsporidia species were analyzed by the hemocytometric method and duplex PCR. A statistical analysis revealed that the applied treatments had reduced the number of spores by 31.15% on average. In hive bees, Nosema spp. infection was most effectively reduced by Nozevit (67.85%) and ApiX (63.36%). Coinfections (N. ceranae and N. apis) were affi rmed in all bee samples before treatments. However, after the treatments, single infection of N. apis and N. ceranae were detected. The tested treatments were more effective in the control of N. apis than N. ceranae.

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Comparative virulence and competition between Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

Short communication: Survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with Crithidia mellificae (Langridge and McGhee: ATCC® 30254™) in the presence of Nosema ceranae

Short communication: Survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with Crithidia mellificae (Langridge and McGhee: ATCC® 30254™) in the presence of Nosema ceranae

European isolates of the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae have similar virulence in laboratory tests on European worker honey bees

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Treatments of Nosema Spp. Infection by the Hemocytometric Method and Duplex Pcr

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