Comparative ultrastructural and cytochemical analysis of the cephalopod systemic heart and its innervation

Kling, George A.; Schipp, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02143579

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…10). We could not confirm the direct connection between the posterior visceral commissure and the systemic heart, as described in Sepia officinalis (Alexandrowicz, 1960(Alexandrowicz, , 1965Kling and Schipp, 1987). The gastric ganglion (gaG) is singly situated on the ventral surface of the intestine in the anterior region of the visceropericardial coelom (vp) (Figs.…”

Section: Peripheral Nervous Systemcontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The nervous architecture in Idiosepius paradoxus is generally identical to that in Sepia officinalis (Boycott, 1961;Alexandrowicz, 1960Alexandrowicz, , 1965Young, 1977bYoung, , 1979Kling and Schipp, 1987;Budelmann and Young, 1993) and the three species of Loligo (Loligo forbesi, L. pealii, and L. vulgaris) (Young, 1974(Young, , 1976(Young, , 1977b(Young, , 1979Messenger, 1979), but some structures are characteristic of I. paradoxus. In I. paradoxus, we confirmed the presence of all major brain lobes described in the loliginid brains (Young, 1974(Young, , 1976(Young, , 1977b(Young, , 1979Messenger, 1979) and all brain nerves described in Loligo (Young, 1976;Budelmann and Young, 1993) and S. officinalis (Hillig, 1912;Tompsett, 1939;Budelmann and Young, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Organization of the nervous system in the pygmy cuttlefish, Idiosepius paradoxus ortmann (Idiosepiidae, cephalopoda)

Shigeno

Yamamoto

2002

Journal of Morphology

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The idiosepiid cuttlefish is a suitable organism for behavioral, genetic, and developmental studies. As morphological bases for these studies, organization of the nervous system was examined in Idiosepius paradoxus Ortmann, 1881, using Cajal's silver technique and immunohistochemical staining with anti-acetylated alpha-tubulin antibody. The nervous architecture is generally identical to that described in Sepia and Loligo, but some features characterize the idiosepiid nervous system. The olfactory system is highly developed in the optic tract region. The dorsolateral lobes show large neuropils, connected with each other by a novel well-fasciculated commissure. Each olfactory lobe is subdivided into two lobules. The neuropils of the anterior and the posterior chromatophore lobes are very poorly developed. Neuronal gigantism is not extensive in the brain; enlarged neuronal cells are visible only in the perikaryal layer of the posterior subesophageal mass. The giant nerve fiber system is of the Sepia type; the axons are not markedly thick and the first-order giant fibers do not fuse with each other at the chiasma. Three-dimensional images by whole-mount immunostaining clarified the innervation pattern in the peripheral nervous system in detail. Two commissural fibers link the left and right posterior funnel nerves ventrally and dorsally. The stellate commissure, which is absent in Sepia and Sepiola, connects the stellate ganglia with each other. A branch of the visceral nerve innervating the median pallial adductor muscle is characteristically thick. Tubulinergic reactivity of the cilia and axons reveals the presence of many ciliated cells giving off an axon toward brain nerves in the surface of the funnel, head integument, arm tips, and epidermal lines. Some of these features seem to reflect the inactive nekto-benthic life of the idiosepiid cuttlefish in the eelgrass bed.

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Section: Peripheral Nervous Systemcontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Organization of the nervous system in the pygmy cuttlefish, Idiosepius paradoxus ortmann (Idiosepiidae, cephalopoda)

Shigeno

Yamamoto

2002

Journal of Morphology

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“…By contrast, the expression observed in systemic heart of Loligo, late in development, suggests that NK4 could intervene in the final morphogenesis as the circulatory system takes place only at the end of the development. Even if we cannot exclude that branchial hearts and the systemic heart do not have identical muscle cell structure (Schipp and Schä fer, 1969;Kling and Schipp, 1987;Budelmann, 1997), it appears clearly that the pulsatory system development takes place by the way of different genetic mechanisms, suggesting a NK4 role at two different developmental stages, one for the branchial hearts (the ve- (Lemaire). Same legends as Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they have often been misinterpreted as smooth muscle (Kawaguti and Ikemoto, 1957b;Lowy and Millman, 1962), almost all muscles in cephalopods are obliquely striated. Cross-striated muscles have also been described in tentacles (Kier, 1985(Kier, , 1991Kier and Thompson, 2003;Kier and Schachat, 2008); the presence of this type of muscle in the systemic heart is discussed (Schipp and Schä fer, 1969;Kling and Schipp, 1987;Budelmann, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic muscle development in Sepia officinalis (cephalopoda ‐ mollusca): A new role for NK4

Navet

Bassaglia

Baratte

et al. 2008

Developmental Dynamics

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Cephalopods are emerging as new developmental models. These lophotrochozoans exhibit numerous morphological peculiarities among molluscs, not only regarding their nervous system but also regarding their circulatory system, which is closed and includes three hearts. However, the molecular control of cardiac myogenesis in lophotrochozoans is largely unknown. In other groups, cardiac development depends on numerous different genes, among them NK4 seems to have a well-conserved function throughout evolution. In this study, we assessed the expression pattern of SoNK4, the Sepia officinalis NK4 homologue, during Sepia officinalis development by whole-mount in situ hybridization. SoNK4 expression begins before morphogenesis, is not restricted to prospective cardiac muscles but above all concerns mesodermal structures potentially rich in muscles such as arms and mantle. These results suggest an important role of SoNK4 in locomotory (somatic) muscles development of Sepia officinalis, and thus a new role for NK4.

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“…It is unclear, however, whether this is a general mechanism of muscle specialization that is exploited by squid and other cephalopods. Although a range of thick filament lengths have been reported in the previous studies of the ultrastructure of cephalopod muscle, we have relatively little comparative information on the contractile properties and biochemistry of the fibres (Amsellem and Nicaise, 1980;Cloney and Florey, 1968;Dykens and Mangum, 1979;Florey, 1969;Gonzalez-Santander and Socastro Garcia-Blanco, 1972;Hochachka et al, 1978;Jensen and Tjønneland, 1977;Kawaguti, 1963;Kawaguti and Ikemoto, 1957;Kling and Schipp, 1987;Milligan et al, 1997;Nicaise and Amsellem, 1983;Schipp and Shäfer, 1969;Socastro, 1969;Ward and Wainwright, 1972). A recent study by Thompson and Kier (Thompson and Kier, 2006) on the development of the mantle musculature in squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) provides some evidence that changes in filament length correlate with changes in velocity during ontogeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle specialization in the squid motor system

Kier

Schachat

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SummaryAlthough muscle specialization has been studied extensively in vertebrates, less is known about the mechanisms that have evolved in invertebrate muscle that modulate muscle performance. Recent research on the musculature of squid suggests that the mechanisms of muscle specialization in cephalopods may differ from those documented in vertebrates. Muscle diversity in the development and the evolution of cephalopods appears to be characterized by modulation of the dimensions of the myofilaments, in contrast to the relatively fixed myofilament dimensions of vertebrate muscle. In addition, the arrangement of the myofilaments may also be altered, as has been observed in the extensor muscle fibres of the prey capture tentacles of squid and cuttlefish, which show cross-striation and thus differ from the obliquely striated pattern of most cephalopod locomotor muscle fibres. Although biochemical specializations that reflect differences in aerobic capacity have been documented previously for specific layers of the mantle muscle of squid, comparison of protein profiles of myofilament preparations from the fast crossstriated tentacle fibres and slow obliquely striated fibres from the arms has revealed remarkably few differences in myofilament lattice proteins. In particular, previous studies using a variety of SDS-PAGE techniques and peptide mapping of the myosin heavy chain were unable to resolve differences in the myosin light and heavy chains. Since these techniques cannot exclude the presence of a highly conserved variant that differs in only a few amino acids, in this study semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of myosin heavy chain messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from the cross-striated tentacle and obliquely striated arm muscle fibres was conducted. This analysis showed that a previously reported alternatively spliced isoform of the squid myosin motor domain is present only in low abundance in both muscle types and therefore differential expression of the two myosins cannot explain the difference in contractile properties. It thus appears that modulation of the contractile properties of the musculature of squid and other cephalopods occurs primarily through variation in the arrangement and dimensions of the myofilaments.

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Comparative ultrastructural and cytochemical analysis of the cephalopod systemic heart and its innervation

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Organization of the nervous system in the pygmy cuttlefish, Idiosepius paradoxus ortmann (Idiosepiidae, cephalopoda)

Organization of the nervous system in the pygmy cuttlefish, Idiosepius paradoxus ortmann (Idiosepiidae, cephalopoda)

Somatic muscle development in Sepia officinalis (cephalopoda ‐ mollusca): A new role for NK4

Muscle specialization in the squid motor system

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