Comparative transcriptomic analyses of male and female adult Toxocara canis

Zhou, Rongqiong; Ma, Guangxu; Korhonen, Pasi K.; Luo, Yongli; Zhu, Hong-Hong; Luo, Yong-Fang; Gasser, Robin B.; Xia, Qingyou

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.024

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The transcriptome of this parasite was here compared with those A. pegreffii and A. simplex sensu stricto, and to the Anisakis genome available in Wormbase, as a further attempt to corroborate the potential pathogenic role of specific molecules enriched in the pharyngeal tissues [17] The de-novo assembly approach provided a similar number of transcripts for the three species and, after filtering for expression, the number of predicted genes was similar to those inferred from previous studies of Anisakis spp. and of other non-model species of parasitic nematodes [16,17,34]. As previously stated, a de-novo assembly approach was preferred to a genome-guided assembly based on the available draft genome sequence for A. simplex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii

Cavallero

Lombardo

Salvemini

et al. 2020

Genes

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Ascaridoid nematodes are widespread in marine fishes. Despite their major socioeconomic importance, mechanisms associated to the fish-borne zoonotic disease anisakiasis are still obscure. RNA-Seq and de-novo assembly were herein applied to RNA extracted from larvae and dissected pharynx of Hysterothylacium aduncum (HA), a non-pathogenic nematode. Assembled transcripts in HA were annotated and compared to the transcriptomes of the zoonotic species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP). Approximately 60,000,000 single-end reads were generated for HA, AS and AP. Transcripts in HA encoded for 30,254 putative peptides while AS and AP encoded for 20,574 and 20,840 putative peptides, respectively. Differential gene expression analyses yielded 471, 612 and 526 transcripts up regulated in the pharynx of HA, AS and AP. The transcriptomes of larvae and pharynx of HA were enriched in transcripts encoding collagen, peptidases, ribosomal proteins and in heat-shock motifs. Transcripts encoding proteolytic enzymes, anesthetics, inhibitors of primary hemostasis and virulence factors, anticoagulants and immunomodulatory peptides were up-regulated in AS and AP pharynx. This study represents the first transcriptomic characterization of a marine parasitic nematode commonly recovered in fish and probably of negligible concern for public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii

Cavallero

Lombardo

Salvemini

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…While knowledge of the complex mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interplay in several parasitic nematodes is expanding [ 33 – 35 ], studies of the interactions between Anisakis and its accidental hosts are in their infancy [ 18 , 19 ]. Previous evidence suggested that secretions from the pharyngeal subventral and esophageal dorsal glands of the parasites may play roles in the intraluminal and extracorporeal digestion of tissues of natural (intermediate or paratenic) hosts [ 21 ] and in the invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa of human accidental hosts [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of transcriptomes provided a number of transcripts similar to those inferred from previous studies of Anisakis spp. and of other non-model species of parasitic nematodes [ 19 , 35 , 36 ]. In addition, several shared transcripts were identified in these two species, albeit the total number of orthologous genes may be underestimated due to the unavailability of a draft genome sequence for A. pegreffii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-specific transcriptomes of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii reveal potential molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity

Cavallero

Lombardo

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundLarval stages of the sibling species of parasitic nematodes Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) (s.s.) (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP) are responsible for a fish-borne zoonosis, known as anisakiasis, that humans aquire via the ingestion of raw or undercooked infected fish or fish-based products. These two species differ in geographical distribution, genetic background and peculiar traits involved in pathogenicity. However, thus far little is known of key molecules potentially involved in host-parasite interactions. Here, high-throughput RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analyses of sequence data were applied to the characterization of the whole sets of transcripts expressed by infective larvae of AS and AP, as well as of their pharyngeal tissues, in a bid to identify transcripts potentially involved in tissue invasion and host-pathogen interplay.ResultsApproximately 34,000,000 single-end reads were generated from cDNA libraries for each species. Transcripts identified in AS and AP encoded 19,403 and 10,424 putative peptides, respectively, and were classified based on homology searches, protein motifs, gene ontology and biological pathway mapping. Differential gene expression analysis yielded 226 and 339 transcripts upregulated in the pharyngeal regions of AS and AP, respectively, compared with their corresponding whole-larvae datasets. These included proteolytic enzymes, molecules encoding anesthetics, inhibitors of primary hemostasis and virulence factors, anticoagulants and immunomodulatory peptides.ConclusionsThis work provides the scientific community with a list of key transcripts expressed by AS and AP pharyngeal tissues and corresponding annotation information which represents a ready-to-use resource for future functional studies of biological pathways specifically involved in host-parasite interplay.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2585-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Available RNA-seq reads from egg, and first- (L1), second- (L2), third- (L3, recovered from eggs, liver and lungs) and fourth-stage larvae and/or adults of T. canis and of A. suum [34–36] were used for transcriptional analyses and comparisons. In brief, paired-end reads were mapped to individual curated CDSs using Bowtie2 v.2.1.0 within the software package RSEM v.1.2.11 [53, 54].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative bioinformatic analysis suggests that specific dauer-like signalling pathway components regulate Toxocara canis development and migration in the mammalian host

Wang

Korhonen

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundToxocara canis is quite closely related to Ascaris suum but its biology is more complex, involving a phase of arrested development (diapause or hypobiosis) in tissues as well as transplacental and transmammary transmission routes. In the present study, we explored and compared dauer-like signalling pathways of T. canis and A. suum to infer which components in these pathways might associate with, or regulate, this added complexity in T. canis.MethodsGuided by information for Caenorhabditis elegans, we bioinformatically inferred and compared components of dauer-like signalling pathways in T. canis and A. suum using genomic and transcriptomic data sets. In these two ascaridoids, we also explored endogenous dafachronic acids (DAs), which are known to be critical in regulating larval developmental processes in C. elegans and other nematodes, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsOrthologues of C. elegans dauer signalling genes were identified in T. canis (n = 55) and A. suum (n = 51), inferring the presence of a dauer-like signalling pathway in both species. Comparisons showed clear differences between C. elegans and these ascaridoids as well as between T. canis and A. suum, particularly in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and insulin-like signalling pathways. Specifically, in both A. suum and T. canis, there was a paucity of genes encoding SMAD transcription factor-related protein (daf-3, daf-5, daf-8 and daf-14) and insulin/insulin-like peptide (daf-28, ins-4, ins-6 and ins-7) homologues, suggesting an evolution and adaptation of the signalling pathway in these parasites. In T. canis, there were more orthologues coding for homologues of antagonist insulin-like peptides (Tc-ins-1 and Tc-ins-18), an insulin receptor substrate (Tc-ist-1) and a serine/threonine kinase (Tc-akt-1) than in A. suum, suggesting potentiated functional roles for these molecules in regulating larval diapause and reactivation. A relatively conserved machinery was proposed for DA synthesis in the two ascaridoids, and endogenous Δ4- and Δ7-DAs were detected in them by LC-MS analysis. Differential transcription analysis between T. canis and A. suum suggests that ins-17 and ins-18 homologues are specifically involved in regulating development and migration in T. canis larvae in host tissues.ConclusionThe findings of this study provide a basis for functional explorations of insulin-like peptides, signalling hormones (i.e. DAs) and related nuclear receptors, proposed to link to development and/or parasite-host interactions in T. canis. Elucidating the functional roles of these molecules might contribute to the discovery of novel anthelmintic targets in ascaridoids.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3265-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Comparative transcriptomic analyses of male and female adult Toxocara canis

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii

Tissue-specific transcriptomes of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii reveal potential molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity

Comparative bioinformatic analysis suggests that specific dauer-like signalling pathway components regulate Toxocara canis development and migration in the mammalian host

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