Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of β-glucan in protecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Aeromonas salmonicida infection

Ji, Liqin; Sun, Guoxiang; Li, Xian; Liu, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.022

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Based on these pieces of evidence, we propose that the different responses of complement and coagulation cascades might link to varying phenotypes of trout in response to V. anguillarum infection. A recent study showed that complement cascades serve as a bridge between immunomodulation in trout in response to bacterial infection (74), consistent with what we found in our study.…”

Section: Complement Systemsupporting

confidence: 93%

Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Related to Stress and Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Symptomatically or Asymptomatically Infected With Vibrio anguillarum

et al. 2021

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most common aquaculture fish species worldwide. Vibriosis disease outbreaks cause significant setbacks to aquaculture. The stress and immune responses are bidirectionally modulated in response to the health challenges. Therefore, an investigation into the regulatory mechanisms of the stress and immune responses in trout is invaluable for identifying potential vibriosis treatments. We investigated the transcriptional profiles of genes associated with stress and trout immune functions after Vibrio anguillarum infection. We compared the control trout (CT, 0.9% saline injection), asymptomatic trout (AT, surviving trout with minor or no symptoms after bacteria injection), and symptomatic trout (ST, moribund trout with severe symptoms after bacteria injection). Our results showed activated immunomodulatory genes in the cytokine network and downregulated glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in both AT and ST, indicating activation of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade as a common response in AT and ST. Moreover, the AT specifically activated the complement- and TNF-associated immune defenses in response to V. anguillarum infection. However, the complement and coagulation cascades, as well as steroid hormone homeostasis in ST, were disturbed by V. anguillarum. Our studies provide new insights toward understanding regulatory mechanisms in stress and immune functions in response to diseases.

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Section: Complement Systemsupporting

confidence: 93%

Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Related to Stress and Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Symptomatically or Asymptomatically Infected With Vibrio anguillarum

et al. 2021

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“…Meanwhile, there was no difference in survival rate for fish fed low and high doses of Macrogard β-glucan, Wild type (WT)-β-glucan diets in comparison to those of the control. Numerous studies have reported the immunomodulation potential of β-glucan in fish disease resistance and the available results vary greatly depending on the fish species, doses, and administration modes ( 14 , 28 , 59 – 61 ). In the present study, in addition to higher amount of Ig, the immune protection of fish fed G0.2% and G0.5% may be related to a differential expression of several innate immune genes ( lysozyme, tlr2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAS1: A New β-Glucan Immunostimulant Candidate to Increase Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Resistance to Bacterial Infections With Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes

et al. 2021

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β-glucans are prebiotic and/or food additives used by the aquaculture industry to enhance the immune response of fish. Their efficiency may vary according to their origin and structure. In this study, the immunostimulant effects of two β-glucan types extracted from wild-type baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its null-mutant Gas1 were investigated. Gas1 has a beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase activity necessary for cell wall assembly. Using a positive (commercial product MacroGard®) and a negative control (a diet without glucans), we evaluated the immune responses and disease resistance of rainbow trout juveniles (mean weight, ~44 g) fed control, low (0.2%) and high (0.5%) doses of Macrogard®, Gas1, and Wild type-β-glucan after a short-term (15 days, D15) or mid-term (36 days, D36) feeding periods. We found that β-glucan supplemented diets did not affect growth performance, mortality, splenic index, or leukocyte respiratory burst activity on D15 nor D36. However, each β-glucan triggered different immune effectors, depending of the doses or length of exposure compared to others and/or the negative control. Indeed, high dose of MacroGard® significantly increased lysozyme activities at D15 compared with the control and other diets (p<0.05). At D36, MacroGard β-glucan enhanced the production of lymphocytes in comparison with the control diet (p<0.05). Regarding WT β-glucan, at D36, WT-β-glucan, especially the high dose, provided the highest enzymatic activities (lysozyme and ACH50) and Ig level (p<0.01). Furthermore, on D36, Gas1 also increased lysozyme activity, Ig proportion, and some immune genes (mcsfra, hepcidin) compared with MacroGard® (p<0.05). Besides, both doses of Gas1-β-glucans increased the resistance of juveniles to bacterial infection highlighted by a higher survival rate at 14 days post-challenge compared with the control and other types and doses of β-glucans (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that Gas1-β-glucan could represent a promising immunostimulant that would help to prevent diseases in aquaculture even more efficiently than other β-glucans already in use. Mode of action and particular efficiency of this new Gas1 mutant are debated.

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“…However, the elevation in serum CRP levels was not correlated with the downregulation of CRP‐related gene expression in the liver and head kidney, suggesting that β‐glucan can regulate the CRP levels in fish through negative feedback mechanism on the gene transcripts (Pionnier et al, 2014). Besides regulating the acute phase response, β‐glucans was shown to induce the activation of complement system in fish through increased expression of c1ql2 , c3 , c5 , c7 , c9 , cfb and cfh (Ji et al, 2020). On top of that, the high level of serum complement pathway activity observed was positively correlated to the upregulation of bf / c2 gene in the liver, suggesting that alternative complement pathway was significantly regulated by β‐glucans (Pionnier et al, 2013).…”

Section: Mode Of Action Of β‐Glucans Through Oral Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the lack of available fish antibodies, the mechanism of action of β‐glucans in the adaptive immune response of fish is mainly investigated through the detection of adaptive immune‐related gene transcripts. The comparative transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout spleen tissues showed that adaptive immune response was modulated by β‐glucans through the activation of antigen processing and presentation pathway and T‐cell receptor signalling pathway (Ji et al, 2020). This finding is supported by the elevation of mhc IIβ gene expression detected in tilapia fed with β‐glucans (Salah et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mode Of Action Of β‐Glucans Through Oral Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory activity of β‐glucans in fish: Relationship between β‐glucan administration parameters and immune response induced

Ching

Shuib

Majid

et al. 2020

Aquaculture Research

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Diseases outbreak caused by pathogenic organisms is known to be one of the significant constraints faced by fish farmers and consequently pose great damage to the economy of the aquaculture sector. Vaccines and antibiotics are used to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. However, these practices are cost‐ineffective and may increase the resistance of pathogens towards antibiotics. Therefore, the use of immunostimulants in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and vaccines is becoming popular nowadays. The selection of a suitable and effective immunostimulant for fish is essential to protect them against the pathogens. β‐glucan, a potent immunostimulant, is widely used in aquaculture to improve the immune system of fish. β‐glucan is a highly conserved carbohydrate that can be found in the cell wall of yeast, fungi, plant and even some bacteria species. The immunomodulatory role of β‐glucans on fish immunity are well identified in aquaculture research, whereby it was mainly investigated through the regulation of cellular and humoural immune parameters, immune‐related genes and proteins expression, and resistance towards various infectious diseases. This review summarizes the recent literature on the mode of action of β‐glucans in fish immunity via a different route of administration. The suitable dose, duration and frequency of β‐glucans administration for optimal stimulation in different species of fish, as well as the combinational used of β‐glucans with one or more immunostimulants, were also highlighted.

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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of β-glucan in protecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Aeromonas salmonicida infection

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Related to Stress and Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Symptomatically or Asymptomatically Infected With Vibrio anguillarum

Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Related to Stress and Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Symptomatically or Asymptomatically Infected With Vibrio anguillarum

GAS1: A New β-Glucan Immunostimulant Candidate to Increase Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Resistance to Bacterial Infections With Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes

Immunomodulatory activity of β‐glucans in fish: Relationship between β‐glucan administration parameters and immune response induced

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