Comparative Toxicosis of Sodium Selenite and Selenomethionine in Lambs

Tiwary, Asheesh K.; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Panter, Kip E.; James, Lynn F.; Hall, Jeffery O.

doi:10.1177/104063870601800108

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Diets containing <0.1 ppm result in deficiency, whereas those with concentrations >2.2 ppm are potentially toxic. 16 Two forms of Se toxicosis, acute and chronic, are described according to duration, level of exposure, and clinical signs. 5,11,12 Signs of acute poisoning include restlessness, anorexia, respiratory distress, salivation, watery diarrhea, fever, tachycardia, abnormal posture and gait, prostration, and death after a short illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In certain regions of the world, Se responsive disease and unthriftiness constitute important losses of production in livestock; therefore, use of Se/Vit E preparations for prevention of nutritional myopathy is common practice. 9,16 The widespread use of inorganic Se salts therapeutically and prophylactically in combination with the narrow margin of safety has increased the risk of accidental poisoning. 4 Acute toxicity is almost always the result of oversupplementation or overdosing with parenteral preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all 3 kids examined, the most significant lesion was acute myocardial degeneration and necrosis, and previous studies implicate the heart as the major target organ in selenium intoxication. 6,14,16 A single report of experimental Se poisoning in goats 1 describes congestion and hemorrhage in the heart but not the myocardial contraction band necrosis observed in all 3 kids reported here. Previous studies suggest that the heart has an affinity for Se and accumulates a higher concentration than other tissues, 14 and myocardial damage has been positively correlated with Se concentration in the heart muscle.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Experimental 3,6,14,16 and accidental 4,7-9 acute Se poisoning has been described in sheep, and accidental poisoning has been described in cattle. 13 Accidental cases are often associated with heavy losses.…”

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Diagnostic Exercise

2010

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Parenteral selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) were administered to all newborn kids at a Boer goat farm where there was previous high neonatal mortality assumed to be due to nutritional myopathy. All treated kids were affected by severe respiratory distress and died within 8 hours of Se/Vit E administration. Gross lesions included severe pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, and hydropericardium. The primary histopathologic finding was severe, acute, and monophasic myocardial contraction band necrosis. The diagnosis was accidental acute selenosis based on trace mineral analysis of the liver. This case highlights an important differential diagnosis in cases of acute myocardial contraction band necrosis and sudden death in goats and emphasizes the need for caution when administering parenteral Se/Vit E preparations.Keywords goats, hydrothorax, myocardial degeneration and necrosis, selenosis, sudden death History and Gross FindingsThree 1-day-old Boer goat kids (one singleton [No. 1] and 1 set of twins [No. 2 and No. 3]) were submitted for postmortem examination to Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, with a history of severe respiratory signs rapidly progressing to death. Ataxia had also been observed. The herd consisted of 150 does, and the referring veterinarian reported high mortality on the farm in the previous year, with loss of approximately 50% of neonatal kids. The mortality was attributed to nutritional myopathy, based on areas of acute myocardial necrosis visualized microscopically and the location of the farm in a selenium-deficient area. However, the diagnosis of nutritional myopathy was not confirmed, as tissues were unavailable for selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) analysis. At the time of the current submission, all does were supplemented with selenium in the feed (rate unknown), and at birth, kids were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 ml of a commercial Se/Vit E preparation containing 3 mg/ml sodium selenite and 136 IU/ml dl-a-tocopherol acetate (Dystosel, Pfizer Canada Inc, London, Canada). In the current year, 4 kids had been born, and all 4 had died within 8 hours of parturition. Three carcasses were submitted for postmortem examination.The carcasses weighed 3-4 kg each and were in good nutritional condition with no evidence of dehydration. The lungs of all 3 animals had severe diffuse edema evidenced by heavy, wet lungs that had failed to collapse; stable white froth in the major airways; and variably distended interlobular septa containing clear fluid (Fig. 1). Areas of red mottling were observed in the caudal lung lobes and were interpreted to be areas of hemorrhage (Fig. 1). Kids No. 2 and No. 3 had 40 ml of clear, straw-colored fluid within the thoracic cavity representing hydrothorax. Similar fluid was in the pericardial sac, which was minimally distended. The amount of fluid within the pericardium was not measured but was interpreted to be mildly increased. Diffuse hepatic congestion was observed in all 3 ani...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Exercise

2010

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“…However, organic selenium compounds, SeMet and selenocystine, have excellent bioavailability and are more appropriate for nutritional supplementation compared with inorganic selenium compounds. [14][15][16][17] Moreover, SeMet has lower toxicity compared with various selenium compounds. [18][19][20][21] Some studies have suggested that patients with type I allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, had significantly lower selenium concentrations in hair or blood, and significantly lower GPx activity in blood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Supplementary Seleno-L-methionine Suppresses Active Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction

Arakawa

Deguchi

Sakazaki

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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To clarify the relationship between selenium supplementation and type I allergic reaction, we investigated the effect of seleno-L-methionine (SeMet) supplementation on the active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) reaction and cytokine production in splenocytes. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA), and SeMet was administered orally for 2 weeks followed by a challenge with OVA to induce an ACA reaction. SeMet supplementation suppressed the ACA reaction in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) level was strongly inhibited in SeMet-supplemented mice compared with control mice. The mRNA expression levels of the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in the spleen of SeMet-supplemented mice were lower than those in control mice. The mRNA expression level of a Th1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, in the spleen of SeMet-supplemented mice was higher than that in control mice. Splenocytes restimulated with OVA in vitro from SeMet-supplemented mice produced lower amounts of IL-4 and IL-13 than those of control mice and higher amounts of IFN-γ than those from the control mice. These results suggest that oral SeMet supplementation suppresses OVA-induced ACA reaction by lowered Th2 cytokine production and augmenting Th1 cytokine production.

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