Comparative Toxicology of Trypan Blue, Brilliant Blue G, and Their Combination Together with Polyethylene Glycol on Human Pigment Epithelial Cells

Awad, Doaa; Schrader, Imke; Bartok, Melinda; Mohr, Andreas; Gabel, Detlef

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6336

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…comm.) because of its superior safety profile (25,26) and staining capabilities, compared with FDA-approved products (27,28). Although BBG is licensed and manufactured in several European countries, it is not FDA approved for any human use in the United States and cannot be manufactured by US pharmaceutical companies for clinical indications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophthalmitis associated with compounded products

2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophthalmitis associated with compounded products

2014

Reactions Weekly

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“…Although in vitro toxicity has recently been reported, 25,26 initial clinical reports demonstrate favorable anatomical and functional results with no apparent toxicity. 19,27,28 However, while BBG also selectively stains the ILM, 27 staining intensity has been reported to be significantly inferior to that of ICG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial practical experiences with this compound are encouraging in our hands, and first in vitro studies report good safety. 26 Clinical or experimental reports are not yet available at this time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Contrast Recognizability in Sequential Epiretinal Membrane Removal and Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Trypan Blue–assisted Macular Surgery

Henrich

Priglinger

Haritoglou

et al. 2013

Retina

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Purpose: To evaluate the selectivity and strength of intraoperative trypan blue staining during removal of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and the internal limiting membrane.Methods: Based on intraoperative videos, 51 consecutive chromovitrectomies in 51 patients with macular holes, macular pucker, vitreomacular traction syndromes, or persistent macular edema were retrospectively studied. Fifteen subjects underwent trypan blue, 14 indocyanine green, and 22 brilliant blue G chromovitrectomy. The main outcome measure was the color contrast between stained internal limiting membrane or ERM and the underlying unstained tissue by means of objective, quantitative, semiautomated chromaticity difference measurements.Results: Trypan blue stains both ERM and the internal limiting membrane (average chromaticity scores 8.51 and 7.09, respectively; P = 0.48). Internal limiting membrane chromaticity scores were similar for trypan blue (7.09) and brilliant blue G (6.81; P = 0.71) but clearly higher for indocyanine green (15.81; P = 2.45 · 10 −5 ).Conclusion: Under the premises of our study, trypan blue stains both ERM and the internal limiting membrane. Trypan blue's staining capacity of the internal limiting membrane is similar to that of brilliant blue G but significantly inferior compared with indocyanine green. Trypan blue, thus, represents a useful vital dye for chromovitrectomy, particularly in the presence of ERM, where it allows a sequential approach.

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“…Several alternative dyes have been studied to assist the removal of preretinal tissues [4,21,22]. The currently used clinical stains include trypan blue (TB) [23] and brilliant blue G (BBG) [24,25], whereas other dyes such as infracyanine green, patent blue and bromophenol blue have found less application [26]. TB was first introduced to ophthalmology in the late 1990s for anterior capsule staining during cataract surgery [27], and was later used in sequence with ICG in macular pucker surgery [28,29,30].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With MembraneBlue-Dual, target tissue staining is further improved by simultaneously staining the ILM and ERM by using a combination of 0.025% BBG and 0.15% TB [26,43]. The clinical use of MembraneBlue-Dual requires, however, that the combination of TB and BBG at clinically relevant concentrations is not more toxic than the individual dyes.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyes for Eyes™: Hydrodynamics, Biocompatibility and Efficacy of ‘Heavy' (Dual) Dyes for Chromovitrectomy

Mohr

Bruinsma²,

Oellerich³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmologica

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As epiretinal membranes (ERMs), the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the vitreous cortex are essentially transparent tissues, or translucent structures, nontraumatic removal may be challenging in various types of macular surgery. Vital dyes stain these thin tissues, thus allowing for better visualization of these structures during vitrectomy and selective ‘membrane peeling' from the underlying retina. To avoid swirling of the dye within the fluid-filled vitreous cavity, and to better target the dye onto the macula, a fluid-air exchange is commonly performed. However, this may jeopardize visualization of the macula during peeling due to clouding of the posterior lens capsule, and may lead to postoperative visual field defects. Recently, a new dye solution for staining the ERM and ILM simultaneously has been developed that circumvents the need for fluid-air exchange, i.e. MembraneBlue-Dual™. This paper will focus on the hydrodynamics and biocompatibility of this ‘heavy' dual dye and its efficacy for staining of the ILM and/or ERMs during posterior segment surgery in a multicenter clinical setting.

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Comparative Toxicology of Trypan Blue, Brilliant Blue G, and Their Combination Together with Polyethylene Glycol on Human Pigment Epithelial Cells

Abstract: For short incubation times, all dyes appear equally safe. For longer incubation times, TB preparations were more toxic than BBG preparations. The toxicity of TB was reduced by the addition of PEG. Further studies are required to determine the clinical impact of this finding.

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

Fungal endophthalmitis associated with compounded products

Fungal endophthalmitis associated with compounded products

Quantification of Contrast Recognizability in Sequential Epiretinal Membrane Removal and Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Trypan Blue–assisted Macular Surgery

Dyes for Eyes™: Hydrodynamics, Biocompatibility and Efficacy of ‘Heavy' (Dual) Dyes for Chromovitrectomy

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