Comparative toxicity of UV-filter Octyl methoxycinnamate and its photoproducts on zebrafish development

Nataraj, Bojan; Maharajan, Kannan; Hemalatha, Devan; Rangasamy, Basuvannan; Narayanasamy, Arul; Ramesh, Mathan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134546

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…After 96 hpf, pericardial and yolk sac edema, deformed jaw, dilated gut or an impairment of craniofacial development were observed. Nataraj et al [13] have tested the adverse effect of EHMC and its photoproduct on the development of zebrafish embryo. After the 96 hpf exposure, lesions of the muscle fibers and yolk sac, along with an increasing heart rate and hatching delay were revealed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently it was proved that UVs can impair biochemical processes and antioxidant and detoxifying system of the organism. Nataraj et al [13] proved an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo after a 96-h EHMC exposure. Benzophenones (BPs) can induce oxidative stress in liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio), especially by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and GST activities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Single-Component and Mixtures Selected Organic UV Filters Induce Embryotoxic Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)?

Cahova

Blahová

Plhalová

et al. 2021

Water

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UVs are important ingredients in common cosmetic products (e.g., sunscreens, hairsprays, soap). After their use, they can enter the aquatic ecosystem and negatively affect non-target aquatic organisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate acute embryotoxicity of selected organic UVs 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), octocrylene (OC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3). The chemicals were tested both as a single substance and their mixtures. The types of mixtures were chosen as follows: the combination of OC and 4-MBC; the combination of PBSA, EHMC and BP-3 and the combination of all five UV filters. The embryotoxicity was evaluated using a modified method of the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test-OECD guideline 236 and zebrafish (Danio rerio) was selected as a suitable fish model organism. The toxic effects were studied by assessing mortality, hatching and the occurrence of malformations at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post fertilization. The obtained results indicate that especially the mixture of OC and 4-MBC presents a potential risk of embryotoxicity for zebrafish due to a significant increase in mortality, which was 41.7% in the experimental group exposed to 10 μg/L at 96 h post fertilization. Based on our results, the most effected sub-lethal endpoints were hatching and malformation (e.g., edema of pericard, bent spine, yolk edema), but with no statistically significant effect. These results differ within groups with single UVs and with their mixtures, suggesting the interaction of these substances when they are exposed together.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Single-Component and Mixtures Selected Organic UV Filters Induce Embryotoxic Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)?

Cahova

Blahová

Plhalová

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Several studies have explored the toxic effects of avobenzone and octinoxate related to oxidative stress (Nataraj et al 2020) and estrogenic/androgenic effects (Zhou et al 2019). Avobenzone was con rmed to have thyroid hormone-like activity in GH3-TRE-Luc cells (Klopčič and Dolenc 2017).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne Exposure to Avobenzone and Octinoxate Induces Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Wild-Type and Thrαa-/- Zebrafish Larvae

2022

Preprint

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Avobenzone and octinoxate are frequently used as organic ultraviolet filters, and these chemicals are widely detected in water. This study evaluated the potential of avobenzone and octinoxate to disrupt thyroid endocrine system in wild-type and thyroid hormone receptor alpha a knockout (thrαa−/−) zebrafish embryos/larvae. Following a 120 h exposure to various concentrations of avobenzone and octinoxate, larvae mortality and developmental toxicity in wild-type and thrαa−/− fish were assessed. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels as well as transcriptional levels of ten genes associated with the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured in wild-type fish. Significantly lower larvae survival rate in thrαa−/− fish exposed to ≥ 3 µM avobenzone and octinoxate suggests that the thyroid hormone receptor plays a crucial role in the toxic effects of avobenzone and octinoxate. A significant increase in the deio2 gene level in avobenzone-exposed zebrafish supports the result of an increased ratio of T3 to T4. Significant decrease of T4 level with upregulation of trh, tshβ, and tshr genes indicates feedback in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to maintain hormonal homeostasis. Our observation indicates that exposure to avobenzone and octinoxate affects the feedback mechanisms of the HPT axis.

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“…In zebrafish (Danio rerio), EHMC at concentrations between 10 and 100 μg/L caused oxidative damage, indicated by the decrease of glutathione (GSH) content and estrogen and androgen effects (Zhou et al, 2019). Nataraj et al (2020) also studied the consequences of zebrafish exposure to EHMC and its photoproducts. It was observed that after exposure to 96 h post-fertilization concentration level of EHMC, 2-EH, and 4-MBA (64, 34, and 3.5 mg/L, respectively), there was development of toxicity, oxidative stress, antioxidant response, neurotoxicity, and histopathological changes in zebrafish individual (Nataraj et al, 2020).…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nataraj et al (2020) also studied the consequences of zebrafish exposure to EHMC and its photoproducts. It was observed that after exposure to 96 h post-fertilization concentration level of EHMC, 2-EH, and 4-MBA (64, 34, and 3.5 mg/L, respectively), there was development of toxicity, oxidative stress, antioxidant response, neurotoxicity, and histopathological changes in zebrafish individual (Nataraj et al, 2020). Another study was conducted to determine the thyroid, neurological, and renal toxicity potentials of EHMC in adult male and embryo-larval zebrafish, where both were exposed to filter concentrations between 3 and 30 μM.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane: Toxicological effects on marine biota and human concerns

Silva

Santos

Castro

et al. 2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) (CAS number: 5466-77-3) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM) (CAS number: 70356-09-1) are important sunscreens. However, frequent application of large amounts of these compounds may reflect serious environmental impact, once it enters the environment through indirect release via wastewater treatment or immediate release during water activities. In this article, we reviewed the toxicological effects of EHMC and BMDM on aquatic ecosystems and the human consequences. According to the literature, EHMC and BMDM have been detected in water samples and sediments worldwide.Consequently, these compounds are also present in several marine organisms like fish, invertebrates, coral reefs, marine mammals, and other species, due to its bioaccumulation potential. Studies show that these chemicals are capable of damaging the aquatic beings in different ways. Further, bioaccumulation studies have shown that EHMC biomagnifies through trophic levels, which makes human seafood consumption a concern because the higher position in the trophic chain, the more elevate levels of ultraviolet (UV) filters are detected, and it is established that EHMC present adverse effects on the human organism. In contrast, there are no studies on the BMDM bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential. Different strategies can be adopted to avoid the damage caused by sunscreens in the environment and human organism. Two of them include the use of natural photoprotectors, such as polyphenols, in association with UV filters in sunscreens and the development of new and safer UV filters. Overall, this review shows the importance of studying the impacts of sunscreens in nature and developing safer sunscreens and formulations to safeguard marine fauna, ecosystems, and humans.

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Comparative toxicity of UV-filter Octyl methoxycinnamate and its photoproducts on zebrafish development

Cited by 41 publications

References 102 publications

Do Single-Component and Mixtures Selected Organic UV Filters Induce Embryotoxic Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)?

Do Single-Component and Mixtures Selected Organic UV Filters Induce Embryotoxic Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)?

Waterborne Exposure to Avobenzone and Octinoxate Induces Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Wild-Type and Thrαa-/- Zebrafish Larvae

Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane: Toxicological effects on marine biota and human concerns

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