Comparative thermodynamic analysis of compressed air and liquid air energy storage systems

Krawczyk, Piotr; Szabłowski, Łukasz; Karellas, Sotiriοs; Kakaras, Emmanuel; Badyda, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.078

Cited by 118 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…From the keywords, it was possible to observe that between the keywords related to energy storage, it appeared as compressed air energy storage (CAES). Indeed, this technology is often used to compare the LAES [46,47]. From the keywords related to the type of study, it was possible to note that most of the approaches were mainly theoretical such as "thermodynamics", "exergy analysis", and "economic analysis".…”

Section: Analysis Of Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends on Liquid Air Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis

Borri

Tafone²,

Zsembinszki

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy has led electrical energy storage systems to have a key role in balancing and increasing the efficiency of the grid. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a promising technology, mainly proposed for large scale applications, which uses cryogen (liquid air) as energy vector. Compared to other similar large-scale technologies such as compressed air energy storage or pumped hydroelectric energy storage, the use of liquid air as a storage medium allows a high energy density to be reached and overcomes the problem related to geological constraints. Furthermore, when integrated with high-grade waste cold/waste heat resources such as the liquefied natural gas regasification process and hot combustion gases discharged to the atmosphere, LAES has the capacity to significantly increase the round-trip efficiency. Although the first document in the literature on the topic of LAES appeared in 1974, this technology has gained the attention of many researchers around the world only in recent years, leading to a rapid increase in a scientific production and the realization of two system prototype located in the United Kingdom (UK). This study aims to report the current status of the scientific progress through a bibliometric analysis, defining the hotspots and research trends of LAES technology. The results can be used by researchers and manufacturers involved in this entering technology to understand the state of art, the trend of scientific production, the current networks of worldwide institutions, and the authors connected through the LAES. Our conclusions report useful advice for the future research, highlighting the research trend and the current gaps.

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Section: Analysis Of Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends on Liquid Air Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis

Borri

Tafone²,

Zsembinszki

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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“…In general, three systems can be distinguished [9]: a) standard system (without using the exhaust heat from the gas turbine exhaust -the system used in the Huntorf Power Plant), b) with recuperation (using the exhaust heat from the gas turbine exhaust -the system applied in the McIntosh Power Plant), (c) adiabatic (non-fuel). However, new CAES-based energy storage technologies have developed in recent years, namely Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage also called Ocean Compressed Air Energy Storage [10], Second Generation Compressed Air Energy Storage [11], Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage [12], Low Temperature Compressed Air Energy Storage [13], Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage [14], Liquid Air Energy Storage [15]. However, simple CAES systems with and without heat regeneration are of the greatest practical importance [16].…”

Section: Hoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of the Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled with the Underground Thermal Energy Storage

et al. 2019

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Improvement of flexibility is one of the key challenges for the transformation of the Polish Power System aiming at a high share of renewable energy in electricity generation. Flexible and dispatchable power plants will contribute to this ongoing transformation process as they compensate for fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics. In this context, CAES storage tanks are currently the only alternative to storage facilities using pumped-storage hydroelectricity due to the possibility of obtaining the appropriate energy capacity of the storage facility. However, a relative disadvantage of these plants is the heat loss caused by the cooling of the air after compression. The basic elements of the CAES warehouse are: an air compression station, a compressed air reservoir that is also a storage facility (in the existing solutions, these are underground caverns), an expansion station with combustion chambers and gas turbines, and a generator. A key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is first analysed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with heat recovery after the gas turbine is analysed. A solution with a ground heat exchanger was also proposed, as the soil, due to its properties, may serve as a thermal energy storage. The paper also analyzes the discharge of the heat storage based on CFD approaches. The ground can be charged during the cooling down of the compressed air. On the other hand, thermal energy was recovered when water flowing to the heat customers was heated. On the basis of non-stationary calculations, the heat stream received from the underground thermal energy storage was estimated.

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“…In such systems, mechanical energy is stored in the form of a compressed or even liquefied gas [34].…”

Section: Mechanical Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, no fossil fuel combustion is required. Several studies and techno-economic assessments on adiabatic CAES are available in the literature, in combination with renewable energy systems or connected to the power grid [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. They promise efficiencies up to 65-70%, but no plants of this type exist so far, mainly for the high investment costs, the complexity of the system, and the technological barriers to moderately high temperature heat storage.…”

Section: Mechanical Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Hydrogen and Mechanical Distributed Energy Storage

2017

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Effective energy storage technologies represent one of the key elements to solving the growing challenges of electrical energy supply of the 21st century. Several energy storage systems are available, from ones that are technologically mature to others still at a research stage. Each technology has its inherent limitations that make its use economically or practically feasible only for specific applications. The present paper aims at integrating hydrogen generation into compressed air energy storage systems to avoid natural gas combustion or thermal energy storage. A proper design of such a hybrid storage system could provide high roundtrip efficiencies together with enhanced flexibility thanks to the possibility of providing additional energy outputs (heat, cooling, and hydrogen as a fuel), in a distributed energy storage framework. Such a system could be directly connected to the power grid at the distribution level to reduce power and energy intermittence problems related to renewable energy generation. Similarly, it could be located close to the user (e.g., office buildings, commercial centers, industrial plants, hospitals, etc.). Finally, it could be integrated in decentralized energy generation systems to reduce the peak electricity demand charges and energy costs, to increase power generation efficiency, to enhance the security of electrical energy supply, and to facilitate the market penetration of small renewable energy systems. Different configurations have been investigated (simple hybrid storage system, regenerate system, multistage system) demonstrating the compressed air and hydrogen storage systems effectiveness in improving energy source flexibility and efficiency, and possibly in reducing the costs of energy supply. Round-trip efficiency up to 65% can be easily reached. The analysis is conducted through a mixed theoretical-numerical approach, which allows the definition of the most relevant physical parameters affecting the system performance.

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Comparative thermodynamic analysis of compressed air and liquid air energy storage systems

Cited by 118 publications

References 20 publications

Recent Trends on Liquid Air Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis

Recent Trends on Liquid Air Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis

Thermodynamic analysis of the Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled with the Underground Thermal Energy Storage

Hybrid Hydrogen and Mechanical Distributed Energy Storage

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