Comparative techno-economic assessment of production of microcrystalline cellulose, microcrystalline nitrocellulose, and solid biofuel for biorefinery of pistachio shell

Khorasani, Alireza Chackoshian; Bajestani, Saeed Zeinabadi; Bajestani, Alireza Saadat

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101673

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Along with that, Figure 4b,c confirm the presence of the functional groups of CN, i.e., there are two intense peaks at 1656-1659 cm −1 and 1278-1281 cm −1 attributed to the NO 2 asymmetric and symmetric vibrations, respectively; there is a broad intense peak at 834-840 cm −1 attributed to the O-NO 2 stretching vibration; and there are less intense peaks at 747-751 cm −1 and 683-694 cm −1 coming from the O-NO 2 asymmetric and symmetric bending, respectively. These functional groups observed in the IR spectra of the CNs are consistent with those found in classical CNs derived from both bacterial sources [5,23,28,31,33,34] and plant celluloses [5,8,17,56,58].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…oat hulls [15], tobacco stalks [16], pistachio shells [17], Arabica coffee pulp [18], giant panda feces, bitter bamboo stems [19], Rhizophora, giant reed, palm leaves, esparto grass [20], and many more. The synthesis of CNs requires that cellulose-concomitant components be removed from plant raw materials, and these processes inflict environmental damage [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellulose Nitrates-Blended Composites from Bacterial and Plant-Based Celluloses

Gismatulina,

Budaeva

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cellulose nitrates (CNs)-blended composites based on celluloses of bacterial origin (bacterial cellulose (BC)) and plant origin (oat-hull cellulose (OHC)) were synthesized in this study for the first time. Novel CNs-blended composites made of bacterial and plant-based celluloses with different BC-to-OHC mass ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 were developed and fully characterized, and two methods were employed to nitrate the initial BC and OHC, and the three cellulose blends: the first method involved the use of sulfuric–nitric mixed acids (MAs), while the second method utilized concentrated nitric acid in the presence of methylene chloride (NA + MC). The CNs obtained using these two nitration methods were found to differ between each other, most notably, in viscosity: the samples nitrated with NA + MC had an extremely high viscosity of 927 mPa·s through to the formation of an immobile transparent acetonogel. Irrespective of the nitration method, the CN from BC (CN BC) was found to exhibit a higher nitrogen content than the CN from OHC (CN OHC), 12.20–12.32% vs. 11.58–11.60%, respectively. For the starting BC itself, all the cellulose blends of the starting celluloses and their CNs were detected using the SEM technique to have a reticulate fiber nanostructure. The cellulose samples and their CNs were detected using the IR spectroscopy to have basic functional groups. TGA/DTA analyses of the starting cellulose samples and the CNs therefrom demonstrated that the synthesized CN samples were of high purity and had high specific heats of decomposition at 6.14–7.13 kJ/g, corroborating their energy density. The CN BC is an excellent component with in-demand energetic performance; in particular, it has a higher nitrogen content while having a stable nanostructure. The CN BC was discovered to have a positive impact on the stability, structure, and energetic characteristics of the composites. The presence of CN OHC can make CNs-blended composites cheaper. These new CNs-blended composites made of bacterial and plant celluloses are much-needed in advanced, high-performance energetic materials.

show abstract