Comparative Study on the Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid and 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Propionic Acid against Cadmium-Induced Erythrocyte Cytotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Abstract

The metabolism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) through the intestinal tract was studied. As cadmium is a well-known toxic heavy metal, this study was carried out to investigate the comparative protective effect of CGA and its representative intestinal metabolite (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, HPPA) against Cd-induced erythrocyte cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. We found that CGA and its intestinal metabolite appreciably prevented erythrocyte hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and oxidative stress induced by Cd. Also, we found that HPPA had a stronger protective ability than CGA against Cd-induced erythrocyte injury in vivo, such as increasing the ratio of protein kinase C from 7.7% (CGA) to 12.0% (HPPA). Therefore, we hypothesized that CGA and its microbial metabolite had protective effects against Cd-induced erythrocyte damage via multiple actions including antioxidation and chelation. For humans, CGA supplementation may be favorable for avoiding Cd-induced biotoxicity.

Metabolome and Microbiota Analysis Reveals the Conducive Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 and Xylan Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chickens

“…The 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid can be produced by Clostridium bacteria (Rechner et al, 2004). Recently study found this microbial metabolite has a strong antioxidative capacity and can prevent Cd-induced biotoxicity (Cheng et al, 2021). The concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaric acid, succinic acid and multiple carbohydrates including sorbitol, xylose 1, D-arabitol and lyxose 1 in the BBC and MIX group were lower than CT group.…”

A review of the protective effects of chlorogenic acid against different chemicals

“…for 90 days) in three-yellow chickens by inhibiting lipid peroxidation (MDA) via inducing antioxidant defense (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, and GSH) and modulating the expression of apoptosis proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Cyt C, and caspase 3 and 9 (Shi et al, 2021). Also, CGA protected against Cd-induced toxicity in erythrocytes as it decreased erythrocyte hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and oxidative stress (Cheng et al, 2021). In another study, CGA alleviated Cd-induced oxidative damage and NO and myeloperoxidase induction in the liver and kidneys of rats and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway (Ding et al, 2021).…”

Prediction of response and adverse drug reaction of pemetrexed plus platinum-based chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma by serum metabolomic profiling

“…3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Propionate Acid was reported to be capable of altering the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation program and bone cell senescence [21] . 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Propionate Acid had a strong protective ability against Cadmium-induced erythrocyte cytotoxicity [22] . l -carnitine can be effective in protecting against platinum-induced myelosuppression in bone marrow cells and reduce hematological toxicity in gastrointestinal cancer patients who received LFP chemotherapy [ 23 , 24 ].…”