Comparative Study on the Influence of Epigallocatechin-3-gallat e and/ or Coenzyme Q10 against Alzheimer's disease Induced by Aluminium in Normally-Fed and Protein Malnourished Rats

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder greatly influenced by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction which may lead to deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Protein malnutrition increases oxidative damage in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has health-promoting effects in CNS, while Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is intracellular antioxidant and mitochondrial membrane stabilizer.

Risk Factors in Induction and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: Impacton Protection and Disease-Modifying Factors

“…In animal experimental models, multi-target directed strategies showed promising results and provided protection especially in the presence of different risk factors as stress, isolation and protein malnutrition [23,24,61]. For example, EGCG is effective in minimizing the hazards of aluminum-induced AD in rats; however the combined therapy of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or EGCG and vitamin E and selenium has more pronounced protective effects than EGCG alone [4, 24,63]. Moreover, coadministration of moderate doses of both caffeine and nicotine can reduce the risk of neuronal degeneration and attenuate the impairment of memory than each of them alone [64].…”

Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology, Hypotheses and Treatment Strategies

“…Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction also represents an effective and promising strategy to modify AD process especially in the high-risk individuals [22]. It is reported that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) which is present primarily in the mitochondria is effective in improving cognitive disorders and has been used as antiaging.…”

“…It is reported that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) which is present primarily in the mitochondria is effective in improving cognitive disorders and has been used as antiaging. It can suppress ROS production, minimized ROS injury and stabilize mitochondrial function [22,23]. In addition, targeting oxidative stress play a central role in the treatment strategies of AD, some natural antioxidants including Vitamin E and Selenium can provide protection and have shown marked neuroprotective effect.…”

“…For example, co-treatment with moderate doses of caffeine and nicotine has more pronounced protecting effect than each drug alone during induction of AD in rats [21]. Moreover, combination treatment using either EGCG & CoQ10 or EGCG & Vitamin E and Selenium has more pronounced effect than each one alone in minimizing the hazards of aluminum-induced AD in an experimental rat model of AD [22]. In other word, reducing oxidative stress together with inflammatory mediators as well as both Aβ and tau pathologies attenuate both biochemical and histopathological alterations as well as cognitive deterioration associated the incidence and the progression of AD [21][22][23].…”

“…Moreover, combination treatment using either EGCG & CoQ10 or EGCG & Vitamin E and Selenium has more pronounced effect than each one alone in minimizing the hazards of aluminum-induced AD in an experimental rat model of AD [22]. In other word, reducing oxidative stress together with inflammatory mediators as well as both Aβ and tau pathologies attenuate both biochemical and histopathological alterations as well as cognitive deterioration associated the incidence and the progression of AD [21][22][23]. However, more researches and clinical trials are needed to evaluate and improve the quality of evidence associated with these multi-target directed strategies in the reduction of AD prevalence and incidence.…”