Comparative study on the gastrointestinal- and immune- regulation functions of Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle and Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle in rats with spleen-qi deficiency, based on fuzzy matter-element analysis

Abstract

Context Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM) and Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (ARPCM) are used interchangeably in clinics to treat spleen-qi deficiency (SQD) symptom mainly including gastrointestinal dysfunction and decreased immunity, which has unknown differences in efficacy. Objective To investigate the differences between HRPCM and ARPCM on intervening gastrointestinal- and immune-function with SQD syndrome. Materials and methods After the SQD model was established, the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into nine groups ( n = 10): normal; model; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Pills; 18.9, 12.6 and 6.3 g/kg dose groups of HRPCM and ARPCM. Gastrointestinal function including d -xylose, gastrin, amylase vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin, pepsin, H + /K + -ATPase, Na + /K + -ATPase, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and immune function including spleen and thymus index, blood routine, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, IgG and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were detected. Finally, the efficacy differences were analysed comprehensively by the fuzzy matter-element method. Results In regulating immune, the doses differences in efficacy between HRPCM and ARPCM showed in the high-dose (18.9 g/kg), but there were no differences in the middle- and low- dose (12.6 and 6.37 g/kg); the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IgM in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the spleen. In regulating gastrointestinal, the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in the levels of D -xylose, MTL, and GAS in serum, and the mRNA and protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in jejunum and ileum. Discussion and conclusions HRPCM is more effective than ARPCM on regulating gastrointestinal function and immune function with SQD syndrome. Therefore, we propose that HRPCM should be mainly used to treat SQD syndrome in the future.

Flavonoids contribute most to discriminating aged Guang Chenpi (Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’) by spectrum‐effect relationship analysis between LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS fingerprint and ameliorating spleen deficiency activity

“…Mice in each group were fasted for 24 h before the formal experiment. The consumption volume of sugar and pure water for 1 h was recorded (Zhang, Niu, Zhang, et al, 2022 ). The sugar water preference rate (W%) = sugar water intake/(sugar water intake + pure water intake) × 100%.…”

Discrimination of Radix Astragali from Different Growth Patterns, Origins, Species, and Growth Years by an H1-NMR Spectrogram of Polysaccharide Analysis Combined with Chemical Pattern Recognition and Determination of Its Polysaccharide Content and Immunological Activity

“…Clinical studies have shown that RA possesses various biological activities such as enhancing the body’s immunity, as well as anti-tumor and antivirus properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Modern pharmacological research shows that the function of invigorating qi with RA is mainly through enhancing the hematopoietic function, improving material metabolism, enhancing the immune function of the body, strengthening the heart, as well as antioxidant and other processes [ 7 ]. The main chemical components of RA include flavonoids, saponins, APS, amino acids, and other components [ 8 , 9 ].…”