Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Activity in Various Solvent Extracts of Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb and Solanum betaceum Cav. Fruits Against Major Fish Pathogens

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts from the fruits of Garcinia gummi-gutta and Solanum betaceum using the standard Agar well diffusion method. Three concentrations (25, 50,and 75 µl/ml) of various extracts such as aqueous, ethanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform were tested against six fish pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus agalactia, Streptococcus iniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Amoxiclav 10 mcg was used as the positive control (Disc). Three major fungal species Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans were used to determine the fruit extracts' antifungal activity at three different concentrations (25, 50, 100 µl/ml). Amphotericin B (100 units) was used as a positive control. Both plant extracts showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The crude ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of G. gummi-gutta and S. betaceum displayed more potential against all strains at higher concentrations. However, G. gummi-gutta showed better efficacy against microbes when compared to S. betaceum. The findings of present study will be valuable for future identification, quality control, and pharmacological studies of natural chemicals derived from these plants especially in aquaculture.