Comparative Study on Pantothenic Acid Separation by Reactive Extraction with Tri-n-octylamine and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid

Abstract

The mechanism of reactive extraction of pantothenic acid with tri-n-octylamine and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid was analysed for three solvents in the presence or absence of 1-octanol. In the absence of 1-octanol, the stoichiometric ratio between the solute and tri-n-octylamine was 1:1 for dichloromethane, 1:2 for butyl acetate, and 1:4 for n-heptane. In the presence of 1-octanol, the formation of aminic adducts was restricted, the stoichiometries for the interfacial reaction between the acid and tri-n-octylamine becoming 1:1 for dichloromethane and butyl acetate, 1:2 for n-heptane. A similar effect has been observed for extraction with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, the structure of the interfacial compound being changed for n-heptane and butyl acetate from HAE 2 in the absence of 1-octanol to HAE by addition of this alcohol. The highest extraction constants were obtained when extractant associates were formed. However, when the extraction mechanism was the same, the increase in organic phase polarity influenced positively the value of extraction constant.

Separation of Protocatechuic Acid Using Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid in Isobutyl Acetate, Toluene, and Petroleum Ether

“…Higher K D values were obtained under higher D2EHPA concentrations, which can be associated with the movement of the extraction equilibrium toward the direction of formation of the complexes. Similar trends were observed for reactive extraction of L-valine using D2EHPA, 49 pantothenic acid using D2EHPA, 52 and nicotinic acid using D2EHPA. 62 The tendency continued with the increase in extractant Generally, in the reactive extraction method, the association and dissolving capacity of the complex formed increases with an increase in the extractant concentration.…”

Recent Advances in Muconic Acid Extraction Process

“…The amount of extractant in the organic phase has a significant impact on the distribution and extraction efficiency of the acid [18,19,[56][57][58]; typically, more extractant in the organic phase improves extraction efficiency because there is more of one reaction participant present. However, various extractant characteristics, such as viscosity, surface characteristics, and cost, may make it difficult to use very high extractant concentrations.…”

Folic Acid Ionic-Liquids-Based Separation: Extraction and Modelling

“…Reactive extraction is based on a reaction between an extractant (dissolved in the organic solvent) and the target solute (e.g., carboxylic acids dissolved in the aqueous phase). Several carboxylic acids (gallic acid [14,15], keto-gluconic acid [16], pseudo-monic acid [17], lactic acid [18]), and vitamins (vitamin C [19], vitamin B5 [20]) have been successfully separated through this method at laboratory scale. For sustainability of this process, finding a selective, affordable, and effective extractant and diluent system based on maximal efficiency and minimal toxicity and determining the ideal implementation circumstances are the key challenges in using reactive extraction for the recovery of organic acids.…”