Comparative Study on Nutritional Value of Chinese and North American Wild Rice

Zhai, Chengkai; Lu, Chengqiang; Zhang, X.Q.; Sun, Guiju; Lorenz, K.

doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0979

Cited by 69 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Both Z. palustris and Z. aquatica have served as a traditional food staple for Native Americans for centuries [9] and as a specialty commercial crop more recently (Hayes et al, 1989;Oelke, 1993). Z. latifolia was once an important grain in ancient China and has been cultivated as an aquatic vegetable because the young shoots become swollen, soft, and edible after being infected by the fungus Ustilago esculenta P. Henn (Thrower and Chan, 1980;Zhai et al, 2001;Guo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Wild Rice Zizania latifolia and Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of the Rice Tribe Oryzeae, Poaceae

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf was once utilized as an important grain in ancient China and has been cultivated as an aquatic vegetable. Here, we report the complete Z. latifolia chloroplast genome sequence obtained through de novo assembly of Illumina paired-end reads generated by directly purified chloroplast (cp) DNA genome sequencing. The Z. latifolia cp genome is 136,501 bp in length, comprising a pair of 20,878-bp inverted repeat regions (IR) separated by small and large single copy regions (SSC and LSC) of 12,590 and 82,155 bp, respectively. The Z. latifolia cp genome encodes 110 unique genes (77 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes), of which 15 encompass introns. Sequence analysis identified a total of 39 direct/inverted repeats and 63 simple sequence repeats (SSR) with an average rate of 0.46 SSRs/kb. Our results revealed that the Z. latifolia cp genome is AT-rich (61.02%) and gene codon usage may be largely affected by a low GC content and codon usage bias for A, T-ending codons. We predicted 33 RNA editing sites in the chloroplast of Z. latifolia, all for C-to-U transitions. Comparative analyses with other available Oryzeae plastid genomes showed that the coding and IR sequences were more conserved than the single-copy and non-coding regions, suggesting that the indels should be cautiously employed in phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic analysis of 52 complete grass chloroplast genomes including the reported Z. latifolia cp genome in this study yielded an identical tree topology as previous plastid-based trees, providing strong support for a sister relationship between Bambusoideae+Pooideae and Ehrhartoideae in the BEP (Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, Pooideae) clade of the grass family.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Wild Rice Zizania latifolia and Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of the Rice Tribe Oryzeae, Poaceae

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Although the life cycle of Z. latifolia undoubtedly explains its predominance over P. australis in many shallow waters, the ecological characteristics of Z. latifolia, except for practical utilization such as for agricultural purposes (Zhai et al, 2001), have been less well elucidated than those of species like Phragmites and Typha, the worldwide cosmopolitan species (Lee & Stewart, 1981;Yamasaki & Tange, 1981;Weiner & Whigham, 1988;Power, 1996). Tsuchiya et al (1993) reported the annual dynamics of Z. latifolia, including the formation of secondary shoots, life span of leaves and annual biomass variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of self-thinning of shoots on the nutrient budgets of Zizania latifolia

2005

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This experimental study focused on the seasonal changes and mobilization of nutrients between plant parts to understand the implications of self-thinning in the ecology of Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf. The observations of shoot density, above-and belowground biomass, and total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations were conducted from February 2002 to August 2003. The biomass of shoots that died during the period and daily uptake of nutrients were determined. The shoot density sharply increased until mid-April and thereafter decreased significantly due to self-thinning of shoots. Total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of rhizomes decreased initially due to translocation to new shoots; however, the nutrients of rhizomes were slightly replenished from dead shoots during self-thinning. In contrast to other species, self-thinning of Z. latifolia shoots reallocates some of the minerals contained in the dead shoots back to the rhizomes, which can be regarded as a strategy to replenish the reduced resources of the rhizomes. The initial intensive growth of shoots can be regarded as a strategy to maintain resource competition.

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“…1), and is an important crop that has been grown in China since ancient times (Chen 1991;Zhai et al 2001;E Natural Health Center 2006). It is recorded in the book 'Li Ji', written in the Zhou Dynasty (from 771 to 221 B.C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zizania latifolia Turcz. cultivated in China

Guo

Peng

et al. 2007

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Zizania latifolia, which belongs to the tribe Oryzeae, has been cultivated for more than 2000 years and has historically been used in China mainly as an aquatic vegetable. In China, the largest area under cultivation of this plant is located in the regions surrounding Tai Lake, in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Two main types of cultivars have been developed, in one the shoots can be harvested only once, in the fall; in the other, the shoots may be harvested twice in the fall and once the following summer. Z. latifolia can be bred and conserved through clonal propagation as a means of preventing infection of flowering stems by the epiphyte Ustilago esculenta. At the end of the harvest period, healthy individuals and the plants with black spots in the shoots are removed, and those with a healthy clone will be identified and selected as 'seed' for the next year.

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Comparative Study on Nutritional Value of Chinese and North American Wild Rice

Cited by 69 publications

References 7 publications

The Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Wild Rice Zizania latifolia and Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of the Rice Tribe Oryzeae, Poaceae

The Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Wild Rice Zizania latifolia and Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of the Rice Tribe Oryzeae, Poaceae

Effects of self-thinning of shoots on the nutrient budgets of Zizania latifolia

Zizania latifolia Turcz. cultivated in China

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