Comparative study on morbidity pattern among adolescent schoolgirls in rural and urban school of Jhansi

Morbidity pattern and its correlates among adolescent girls residing in rural and urban areas of Haldwani, India

“…Arya et al in Jhansi found that eye problems were commonest and present in 85.8% of adolescent girls which is quite high when compared with present study findings. 6 Eram et al in Aligarh found most common morbidity among adolescent girls was menstrual problems including dysmenorrhoea or irregular cycles/pattern of bleeding, and this is consistent with present study. 7 In the study by Jain et al in Dehradun, 63.7% girls were found to have one or other morbid conditions and 77.3% of them have morbidity related to blood and blood forming organs (including nutritional anaemia) and similar findings revealed in present study.…”

“…Much higher is observed by Arya et al in Jhansi where 10.4% girls had vaginal discharge in which urban was 7.9% and rural was 16.21%, however in our study more of urban girls affected. 6 Sinha et al in Lucknow, found vaginal discharge in 8.1%, which is higher than in present study. 13 Nirmala et al in Kerala found endocrinal problems including thyroid enlargement in 7.5% among unmarried girls between 16-18 years of age from urban area, this is much higher than 0.91% in present study, which may be due to majority of girls during their early adolescence in our study.…”

“…Also the refractive errors were more common among girls in 15 In present study respiratory diseases were present in 12.6% girls, which is similar to findings of Arya et al, while Sachan et al found morbidities involving throat including pharyngitis were present in 6.9%. 5,6 Eram et al found upper respiratory infections in 20% and ENT problems including tonsillitis, ear discharge/earache and hearing defects in 12%, which is comparatively more than in present study. 7 Jain et al found respiratory morbidities in 5.1% girls.…”

Potential Impact of the Insurance on Catastrophic Health Expenditures Among the Urban Poor Population in India

“…The results of the study are in same line with previous studies which shows greater preference for private facility over public facilities, such as a study in the Slum and nonslum urban poor population in three cities of India, which shows that a large proportion of households (40% in Bhubaneswar, 62% in Jaipur and 77% in Pune) choose to visit private health facility (Singh et al, 2018). Similar evidence also persist from urban poor of Mumbai (Arya, 2012;Thandassery & Duggal, 2004). As high as 89% of urban poor with chronic conditions in Bangalore receive care from private facility (Gowda et al, 2015) and also this percentage is high among urban poor in Delhi (Kusuma & Babu, 2019).…”

A Literature Review of the Healthcare System

“…The Central government is concerned with assisting the state activities, promoting research and professionaleducationforhealthandStatesareresponsibleforprovidinghealthservicestoallcitizens (Patel&Patel,2017).In1943,BhoreCommitteewasappointedbyGovernmentofIndia(GOI)to reviewthehealthandmedicalneedsofIndiaanditsrecommendationsweregivendueconsideration duringtheFiveYearPlans.Itrecommendedforcontrollingcommunicablediseasesanddeveloping healthinstitutionsforbetterhealthservicestothepeople.In1962MudaliarCommitteewasappointed toevaluatetheperformanceofhealthsector.ItfoundthatconditionsinPrimaryHealthCentres(PHCs) wereunsatisfactoryandcommitteerecommendedtostrengthentheexistingPHCsbeforeestablishing new ones (Arya, 2012). Health was given priority also in the First Five Year Plan (1951-56) by mentioningthatnothingcanbeconsideredmoreimportantthanthehealthofthepeopleanditwas anessentialfactorfortheefficiencyofindustryandofagriculture.Atthetimeofindependence,the healthcareinfrastructurewasverypoorinruralareasandon2October,1952,ruralhealthservices werelaunchedbyestablishingPrimaryHealthCentres(PHCs)ineachblockhavingapopulation of66000.AttheendofThirdFiveYearPlan(1961-66)thecountrybecamesuccessfultolaythe foundationofbasichealthservices.…”