Comparative Study of Transcatheter Renal Arterial Embolization with and without Closed Renal Circuit: Pharmacokinetic and Histologic Assessment in Pigs

Abstract

TAE/CRC dramatically reduces ethanol leakage to the systemic circulation without a decrease in embolization effect in the normal swine kidney, and it also reduces the likelihood of venous thrombus formation.

Endovascular embolization strategy for renal arteriovenous malformations

“…There is also a potential risk for pulmonary embolism (12) when treating high-flow lesions. Venous flow control techniques (7,8) were applied in this study and successfully prevented migration of liquid agents into systemic circulation. Test injections with contrast media are mandatory to adjust the expansion of the balloon catheter for optimal flow control ( Fig.…”

“…Absolute ethanol. Alcohol ablation was performed using an emulsion of absolute ethanol and iodized oil (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid; Guerbet, Aulnay Sous-Bois, France) (emulsion ratio 2:1), with a maximum ethanol dose of 0.4 mL/kg body weight (7,8). The emulsion was slowly injected via the afferent arteries.…”