Comparative study of thermoplastic liner materials with regard to mechanical and permeation barrier properties before and after cyclic thermal aging

Abstract

Lightweight pressure vessels of type IV for hydrogen storage consist of a thermoplastic inner liner, commonly from polyethylene or polyamide. The liner is the permeation barrier against the compressed gas and must prevent the formation of cracks, also after temperature changes, for example after refueling processes. In the present work high-density polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polyamide 6 and polyamide 12 were characterized by tensile tests, single notch impact tests and permeations measurements before and after a cyclic thermal aging process. The aging only lead to slight changes of mechanical properties due to post-crystallization, but to a significant decrease of permeation properties. This decrease was contributed to weakened, amorphous regions where chain splitting occurred. Considerable differences in properties resulted from different peroxide cross-linking times of polyethylene at the same temperature. A longer holding time at 200 °C led to an improvement in impact strength by a factor of more than three. However, the permeation properties decreased by about 50 %, indicating that peroxide cross-linking in the melt inhibited the formation of crystalline regions.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Helium Barrier Performance of Modified Polyamide 6 Lining of IV Hydrogen Storage Tank with Montmorillonite

“…Some studies have shown that polyethylene has good gas barrier properties and can be used as a plastic liner for hydrogen storage cylinders [12]. However, compared with polyethylene, polyamide is more suitable as a plastic lining for hydrogen storage bottles due to its strong molecular polarity and low gas permeability, and many scholars have conducted research in this area [13,14].…”