Comparative study of the phonology of preschool children prenatally exposed to cocaine and multiple drugs and non-exposed children

Madison, Charles L.; Johnson, James C.; Seikel, J. Anthony; Arnold, Marjorie R.; Schultheis, Leanne

doi:10.1016/s0021-9924(97)00091-9

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additional supportive evidence for cocaine-associated language deficits is provided by studies of small groups of children in whom spontaneous language samples have been coded to assess semantic and syntactical processing elements of language. These studies have documented less complex language skills (Malakoff et al, 1999), differences in discourse pragmatics and syntactic development (Mentis and Lundgren, 1995), phonological delay (Madison et al, 1998), and more restricted and delayed semantic representations (Bland-Stewart et al, 1998) among prenatally cocaine-exposed compared to noncocaine-exposed children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Bandstra

Vogel

Morrow

et al. 2004

Substance Use & Misuse

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The current study estimates the longitudinal effects of severity of prenatal cocaine exposure on language functioning in an urban sample of full-term African-American children (200 cocaineexposed, 176 noncocaine-exposed) through age 7 years. The Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study sample was enrolled prospectively at birth, with documentation of prenatal drug exposure status through maternal interview and toxicology assays of maternal and infant urine and infant meconium. Language functioning was measured at ages 3 and 5 years using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool (CELF-P) and at age 7 years using the Core Language Domain of the NEPSY: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment. Longitudinal latent growth curve analyses were used to examine two components of language functioning, a more stable aptitude for language performance and a time-varying trajectory of language development, across the three time points and their relationship to varying levels of prenatal cocaine exposure. Severity of prenatal cocaine exposure was characterized using a latent construct combining maternal self-report of cocaine use during pregnancy by trimesters and maternal and infant bioassays, allowing all available information to be taken into account. The association between severity of exposure and language functioning was examined within a model including factors for fetal growth, gestational age, and IQ as intercorrelated response variables and child's age, gender, and prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana exposure as covariates. Results indicated that greater severity of prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with greater deficits within the more stable aptitude for language performance (D = −0.071, 95% CI = −0.133, −0.009; p = 0.026). There was no relationship between severity of prenatal cocaine exposure and the time-varying trajectory of language development. The observed cocaineassociated deficit was independent of multiple alternative suspected sources of variation in language performance, including other potential responses to prenatal cocaine exposure, such as child's intellectual functioning, and other birth and postnatal influences, including language stimulation in the home environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Bandstra

Vogel

Morrow

et al. 2004

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…Several studies have examined specific language domains such as pragmatic skills [35], semantics [9], and phonology [34]. A large prospective cohort study conducted by Delaney-Black et al [14] on 6-year-old children examined in great detail articulation and language skills of children with PCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of prenatal cocaine on language development at 10years of age

Lewis¹,

Minnes²,

Short³

et al. 2011

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Objective-To examine the long term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on the language development of 10-year-old children utilizing a prospective design, controlling for confounding drug and environmental factors.Participants-Children exposed to cocaine in utero (PCE; n=175) and non-exposed children (NCE; n=175) were followed prospectively to 10 years of age and were compared on language subscales of the Test of Language Development-Intermediate 3 rd Edition (TOLD-I:3) and phonological processing as measured by the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP).Methods-Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), linear regression, and logistic regressions were used to evaluate the relationship of prenatal cocaine exposure to language development, while controlling for confounders. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Results-After controlling for confounding variables, prenatal cocaine effects were observed for specific aspects of language including syntax (Sentence Combining subtest of the TOLD-I:3, p=0.001), semantics (Malopropism subtest of the TOLD-I:3, p=0.05) and phonological processing (Phonological Awareness subscale, p=0.01). The caregiver factors of vocabulary, HOME, and psychological symptoms also had consistent effects on language subtests and phonological processing scores. Children with PCE who experienced foster or adoptive care had enhanced language development compared to those living with birth mothers or in relative care. Cocaine exposed girls had lower scores on the phonological awareness subscale of the CTOPP than nonexposed girls. NIH Public AccessConclusions-PCE has subtle effects on specific aspects of language development and phonological processing at age 10, even after controlling for confounding variables. Environmental factors (i.e., postnatal lead exposure, home environment, and caregiver vocabulary and psychological symptoms) also impact language skills at 10 years. Adoptive or foster care appears to enrich PCE children's linguistic environment and protects children against language delay in the PCE sample.

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“…The procedure used in the current study actually exceeded procedures used in other studies of children's phonological development (Crary, 1983;Madison et al, 1998). Such studies found that phonological process analyses on samples of at least 50 words resulted in information similar to that derived from analyses of 100-word samples.…”

Section: About the Authormentioning

confidence: 73%

Phonetic Inventories and Phonological Patterns of African American Two-Year-Olds

Bland-Stewart

2003

Communication Disorders Quarterly

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This pilot study investigated the phonological skills of 8 African American English (AAE)-speaking 2-year-olds. Spontaneous language samples were transcribed and phonological data were entered into the Interactive System for Phonological Analysis (Masterson & Pagan, 1993) for analyses of phonetic inventory, phonological processes, and word shapes. Data were examined to determine if the phonological patterns seen in AAE-speaking children are indicative of emerging dialectal patterns. Findings provide evidence that 2-year-old AAE-speaking children acquire and use the same phonemes and phonological processes as described in the literature for both AAE-speaking toddlers and toddlers speaking Standard American English (SAE). Although the study participants demonstrated frequent use of phonological patterns consistent with AAE, the results could not categorically distinguish typical phonological development from emergent dialectal features. Clinical implications suggest that although assessment of an African American toddler's phonology need not be different from that of SAE-speaking children, an understanding of typical AAE phonological development is necessary to better differentiate an AAE-speaking toddler with deviant phonological development.Phonological development is fundamental to the comprehensive evolution of verbal language abilities in children. Understanding the general pattern of phonological development within a linguistic population aids in identifying individuals who deviate from that expected pattern. Such a deviation could subsequently impede the child from effectively communicating and interacting with his or her immediate surroundings. The preliminary investigation discussed in this article examined the phonetic inventories and phonologic patterns of 2-year-olds from African American English (AAE)-speaking backgrounds to determine if their development reflects the patterns of mature AAE speakers.To date, normative data on the phonological development of children in the United States has been drawn primarily from children who speak Standard American English (SAE). This research has indicated that by the age of 3 years, typically developing SAE-speaking children generally acquire a core set of phonemes consisting of

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Comparative study of the phonology of preschool children prenatally exposed to cocaine and multiple drugs and non-exposed children

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

The effects of prenatal cocaine on language development at 10years of age

Phonetic Inventories and Phonological Patterns of African American Two-Year-Olds

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