Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries

Kelessidis, Alexandros; Stasinakis, Athanasios S.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.012

Cited by 902 publications

(466 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to the European trends, in Greece sludge utilization in agriculture is very limited [3], the vast majority (> 90%) being landfilled, while the respective mean value in EU countries is only 27% [15,[21][22][23]. Recent studies show an increasing trend for agricultural recycling of sludge in most EU countries, including Greece [19], and this could be a reasonable alternative, especially for plants that serve small and medium scale municipalities, for which heavy metal concentrations are anticipated to be low in the generated sludge [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Generally, the selection of the best disposal route for the sludge from a particular treatment plant requires the identification of the most secure and environmentally acceptable final destination taking into account the local, regional and/or national conditions (technical, economical, political, geographical) [11,15,16]. Traditional disposal alternatives which have been widely tried include landfilling, soil application, incineration and sea dumping [10][11][12][13][14][17][18][19][20] and currently in Europe the most desirable use of treated sludge is in agriculture as a soil fertilizer [21]. Contrary to the European trends, in Greece sludge utilization in agriculture is very limited [3], the vast majority (> 90%) being landfilled, while the respective mean value in EU countries is only 27% [15,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Spanos

Ene

Patronidou

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg -1 Cd; 103.7 mg kg -1 Cr; 136.4 mg kg -1 Cu; < 0.2 mg kg -1 Hg; 29.1 mg kg -1 Ni; 62.0 mg kg -1 Pb; 1253.2 mg kg -1 Zn; 1.56 mg kg -1 Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg -1 Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summerwinter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Spanos

Ene

Patronidou

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…As principais formas de destino final de lodo, no ano de 2005, para os 27 países integrantes da União Europeia, foram o uso agrícola (41%), a incineração (19%), o aterro sanitário (17%), a compostagem (12%) e outras aplicações (12% -UE, 2011). Esse cenário vem se modificando nos últimos anos, tendo sido estimado que o uso dos processos térmicos no gerenciamento do lodo de ETEs, com fins energéticos, irá duplicar até o ano 2020 nos 12 países membros mais antigos da União Europeia, passando a corresponder a uma participação de 37% das formas de destino final (KELESSIDIS & STASINAKIS, 2012). O lodo, muitas vezes caracterizado como um resíduo passí-vel de aterramento, pode se tornar fonte de energia após o desaguamento, evidenciando a mudança do paradigma para o seu destino final (COURTAUD et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Potencial energético e alternativas para o aproveitamento do biogás e lodo de reatores UASB: estudo de caso Estação de tratamento de efluentes Laboreaux (Itabira)

Rosa

Lobato

Borges

et al. 2016

Eng. Sanit. Ambient.

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RESUMOEste trabalho estuda o potencial de aproveitamento energético dos subprodutos biogás e lodo gerados na estação de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) Laboreaux em Itabira (MG), composta de reatores UASB, filtros biológicos percoladores e unidade de desaguamento do lodo por filtro prensa. Os subprodutos biogás e lodo foram caracterizados em termos quantitativos (produção) e qualitativos (composição e poder calorífico) durante 12 meses de monitoramento. Foram estudados dois cenários de aproveitamento energético dos subprodutos: (i) uso prioritário do biogás para a secagem térmica do lodo e o excedente de biogás para geração de eletricidade em motor de combustão interna; e (ii) uso prioritário do biogás visando à geração de eletricidade e ao aproveitamento do calor dos gases de exaustão para a secagem térmica de lodo. Para a análise desses cenários, utilizou-se o software CHEMCAD® a fim de determinar as condições de queima do biogás em câmara de combustão e em motor de combustão interna, assim como na determinação dos balanços de massa e energia. O estudo analisou o potencial de aproveitamento dos subprodutos do tratamento como fonte de energia renovável para uso na própria ETE e para fornecimento a terceiros. No cenário 1, a geração de eletricidade é menor (atendendo 22,2% da demanda de energia da ETE), mas a secagem térmica possibilita maior redução no volume final de lodo a ser disposto ou a eliminação completa de disposição final se o lodo seco final (com 10% de umidade) for utilizado como combustível por terceiros. No cenário 2, a geração de eletricidade é capaz de suprir 57, 6% da demanda de energia da ETE, todavia o calor contido nos gases de exaustão não é suficiente para a secagem de todo o lodo desaguado, configurando uma menor redução na quantidade de lodo a ser disposto (13,5 ou 24, 9% de redução em massa, conforme a alternativa de remoção de umidade selecionada). ABSTRACTThis work assesses the potential of energy recovery of the byproducts biogas and sludge produced at the Laboreaux wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), in Itabira (MG), which is integrated by UASB reactors, trickling filters and sludge dehydration unit (filter press). The byproducts biogas and sludge were quantitatively (production) and qualitatively (composition and calorific value) characterized during a monitoring period of 12 months. Two scenarios for energy recovery from the byproducts were considered: (i) priority use of biogas for sludge thermal drying and the excess of biogas being used for power generation in an internal combustion engine (ICE); and (ii) primary use of biogas for power generation and the heat of the engine exhaustion gases being used for sludge thermal drying. Biogas burning conditions into a combustion chamber and in an internal combustion engine, as well as mass and energy balances for each scenario, were assessed with the CHEMCAD® software. The study analysed the potential use of the byproducts as sources of renewable energy for use in the WWTP itself and to be offered to third party. In scenario 1, the elect...

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“…Numerous reviews and research studies of sewage sludge management have been published recently (Kelessidis and Stasinakis 2012). This is undoubtedly due to the fact that sewage sludge management is a growing problem, especially in highly populated areas (Samaras et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of changes in sewage sludge management

Vochоzka

Maroušková

Váchal

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A positive energy balance caused by accelerated production of CH 4 and additional financial benefits associated with shorter retention times, reduction in volumes, easier dewatering, enhanced hygiene, etc., are the reasons why most modern wastewater treatment plants are newly equipped with hydrothermal pretreatment units. This study examined how the changes in composition of the pretreated sewage sludge fermentation residues manifested themselves in subsequent processing by pyrolysis, both in terms of technology and financial impacts. It has been found that concentrations of heavy metals and other hazardous inhibitors might increase; however, the overall biotoxicity is lower due to their immobilization in the charred mass. Moreover, charring of the fermentation residues results in significant financial as well as technological benefits.

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Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries

Cited by 902 publications

References 12 publications

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Potencial energético e alternativas para o aproveitamento do biogás e lodo de reatores UASB: estudo de caso Estação de tratamento de efluentes Laboreaux (Itabira)

Appraisal of changes in sewage sludge management

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