Comparative Study of the Genetic and Biochemical Variability of Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae) Regenerants Obtained by Indirect and Direct Somatic Embryogenesis as a Source of Triterpenes

Abstract

Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae) is broadly used in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia due to its antimicrobial, immunomodulating and cytotoxic activities. The main groups of compounds responsible for pharmacological effects are believed to be oleanolic triterpene saponins. However, Polyscias plants demonstrate relatively slow growth in natural conditions, which led to applying a developing sustainable source of plant material via primary (PSE), secondary (DSE) and direct somatic embryogenesis from DSE (TSE). The AFLP and metAFLP genotyping resulted in 1277 markers, amplified by a total of 24 pairs of selective primers. Only 3.13% of the markers were polymorphic. The analysis of variance showed that the PSE and TSE regenerants differed only in terms of root number, while the DSE plantlets differed for all studied morphological characteristics. Further, the chemical analysis revealed that oleanolic acid (439.72 µg/g DW), ursolic acid (111.85 µg/g DW) and hederagenin (19.07 µg/g DW) were determined in TSE regenerants. Our results indicate that direct somatic embryogenesis ensures the production of homogeneous plant material, which can serve as a potential source of triterpene compounds. Plants obtained via somatic embryogenesis could also be reintroduced into the natural environment to protect and preserve its biodiversity.

Triticale Green Plant Regeneration Is Due to DNA Methylation and Sequence Changes Affecting Distinct Sequence Contexts in the Presence of Copper Ions in Induction Medium

“…Disturbances of the Yang cycle are followed by DNA methylation changes (including symmetric and asymmetric sequence contexts). The changes may be subjected to genomic sequence mutations influencing the GP, and that the phenomenon could be sensed using the methylation-sensitive AFLP (metAFLP) approach developed for the quantification of TCIV [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Furthermore, we want to verify the role of the time of triticale anther culture for the TCIV.…”

Somaclonal Variation—Advantage or Disadvantage in Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plants

“…The use of AFLP markers is quite laborious, due to the fact that they require highmolecular-weight DNA, and, when the mother plant and micropropagated regenerants were compared, AFLP generated very low levels of polymorphism (Table 2). More often, the AFLP technique is used in combination with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes in order to assess the epigenetic somaclonal variation associated with the modification of the whole genome methylation [79,80].…”

Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Endemic and Endangered Plant Dendropanax oligodontus: Genome Structure, Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis

“…Owing to the remarkable medicinal and health properties as well as the ecological value of plants belonging to the Araliaceae family, this family has garnered considerable interest in recent years [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 40 , 41 ]. Particularly, species belonging to the genus Panax , including P. ginseng , P. notoginseng , and P. quinquefolius , have been extensively studied [ 3 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”